Carrageenans are a collective family of linear, sulphated galactans found in a number of commercially important species of marine red alga. These polysaccharides are known to elicit defense responses in plant and animals and possess anti-viral properties. We investigated the effect of foliar application of ι-, κ- and λ-carrageenans (representing various levels of sulphation) on Arabidopsis thal...

This study's aim is to characterize aerosolization properties of ciprofloxacin loaded kappa-carrageenan microspheres for pulmonary delivery. Ciprofloxacin-carrageenan by ionotropic gelation were prepared and characterized moisture content, yield, drug loading, efficiency, properties, activity stability. Characteristics showed spherical microspheres, smooth size below 2µm, content <4%, yield ...

Neuroinflammation in the spinal cord plays a critical role in the processing of inflammatory pain. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a predominant omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the central nervous system, is known to modulate inflammatory responses in various neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated whether DHA could reduce inflammatory pain and inhibit neuroinflammation in...

BACKGROUND Tissue damage may produce hyperalgesia, allodynia, and persistent pain. The authors recently reported that fentanyl elicits analgesia but also activates N-methyl-D-aspartate-dependent pain facilitatory processes opposing analgesia. In nonsuffering rats, this leads to a long-lasting enhancement in pain sensitivity. The current study assessed whether fentanyl could amplify carrageenan-...

In this study, we determined the anti-inflammatory effect of manual acupuncture at the Sanyinjiao or Spleen 6 (SP6) point on carrageenan-induced peritonitis in mice and investigated mechanisms that may underlie this effect. In the first set of experiments, male Swiss mice were allocated into five groups: the control (sterile saline), dexamethasone (DEXA), invasive sham-acupuncture (non-acupoint...

Peroxynitrite, a potent cytotoxic oxidant formed by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with the superoxide anion, was recently proposed to play a major pathogenic role in the inflammatory process. Here we have investigated the effects of endogenous melatonin, a known scavenger of peroxynitrite, in rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Endogenous melatonin was depleted in rats maintaine...

Three decades ago, the marine-derived compound sinularin was shown to have anti-edematous effects on paw edema induced by carrageenan or adjuvant. To the best of our knowledge, no new studies were conducted to explore the bioactivity of sinularin until we reported the analgesic properties of sinularin based on in vivo experiments. In the present study, we found that sinularin significantly inhi...

α-galactosidase purified from Acinetobacter sp. was immobilized in four different matricesCalcium alginate, Gelatin, Agarose and k-Carrageenan. On comparative analysis, k-Carrageenan immobilized enzyme showed highest immobilization yield of 68% and storage stability for 30 days. Gelatin showed an immobilization yield of 57%. Soluble enzyme led to decrease of 84% in raffinose and 76% in stachyos...

The self-assembly of anionic kappa and iota carrageenan polysaccharides in the presence of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 is studied by high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). A hierarchical supramolecular chirality amplification over various length scales is observed upon the addition of KCl, whereas in the presence of NaCl and CaCl2 the chains undergo solely a coil-helix transition with stiff kap...

A suitable small animal model may help in the screening and evaluation of new drugs, especially those from natural products, which can be administered at lower dosages, fulfilling an urgent worldwide need. In this study, we explore whether zebrafish could be a model organism for carrageenan-induced abdominal edema. The research results showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 1.5% λ...