Since the 20 century, timbre has become an important factor in music composition. However, no effective timbre theory for music composition has been yet developed. In this paper, firstly standpoints are described for previous timbre theories. Then the requirements for a new timbre theory are discussed: 1) How timbre should be categorized, 2) hierarchical structure and its self-similar represent...

This paper reviews the IS security literature for the period 1990-2004. More specifically three security journals and the top twenty IS journals were examined. In total 1280 IS security papers were analysed in terms of theories, research methods and research topics. Our research found that 1043 of the papers contained no theory. In addition, almost 1000 of the papers were categorized as ‘subjec...

Research on the social and organizational aspects of information systems often lacks an adequate theoretical and methodological basis. In this paper, we propose that structuration theory provides a broad conception of social action and human society which can be used as the basis for empiricallyorientated theory and research. A critique is given of some published work, which makes use of the th...

A biologically detailed computational model is described of how categorization judgments become automatic in tasks that depend on procedural learning. The model assumes 2 neural pathways from sensory association cortex to the premotor area that mediates response selection. A longer and slower path projects to the premotor area via the striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus. A faster, purely co...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the transformation of stimulus functions from socially relevant to arbitrary stimuli as a model of social stigmatization and categorization. Specifically, participants were trained to respond to arbitrary stimuli as if they were obese or thin stimuli via a matching-to-sample preparation. The impact of this relational conditioning was tested using the...

This article presents a theory of categorization that accounts for the effects of causal knowledge that relates the features of categories. According to causal-model theory, people explicitly represent the probabilistic causal mechanisms that link category features and classify objects by evaluating whether they were likely to have been generated by those mechanisms. In 3 experiments, participa...

Projective terms such as left, right, front, back are conceptually interesting due to their flexibility of contextual usage and their central relevance to human spatial cognition. Their default acceptability areas are well known, with prototypical axes representing their most central usage and decreasing acceptability away from the axes. Previous research has shown these axes to be boundaries i...

With the promises of e-commerce have come problems and opportunities for researchers and practitioners. One of these opportunities is taking a design science approach to e-commerce research. The argument is made that design science contributes to the theory in business school research. Contributions of design science to the research and practice of e-commerce are categorized into artifacts that...

On what grounds can we conclude that an act of categor@tion isbiased? In this chapter. 1t is contended that in the absence of objective nomls of what categorles actually are. biases in categorizatiOn can only be specified in relation to theoreticalunderstand~s of categorization. Therefore. the chapter startswith an overview of current theoretical positions regarding categorization. and the vari...

Governments keep subsidizing R&D of IT entrepreneurial firms greatly. However, the effect of these grants remains unclear. Acknowledging this gap, this study provides a nuanced perspective to understand the influence of government R&D grants on IT entrepreneurial firm performance. Based on the literature on organizational learning, we categorize government R&D grants into two types: explorative...