This article compares and contrasts the Astana Process, which Türkiye, Russia, Iran devised for Syria, with Six-Way Platform Initiative, Türkiye has offered as a solution mechanism to promote peaceful conditions foster cooperation in South Caucasus. In this vein, process tracing method is applied assess initiative's chances of success. Over past twenty years, peace proposals Caucasus have been ...

The energy resources of Central Asia and the Caucasus have drawn significant scholarly attention due to their geopolitical importance role in regional economic development. Western multilateral development banks (MDBs), such as World Bank EBRD, been leading actors shaping norms practices for lending sectors these regions. China has also recently emerged top investor hydrocarbons renewables Asia...

New records on 32 species of the genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from Caucasus region are presented. alievi Dathe & Proshchalykin, sp. nov. is described Azerbaijan. Eight newly recorded Caucasus: araxanus (Warncke, 1981), H. excelsus (Alfken, 1936), intermedius Förster, 1871, iranicus Dathe, 1980, kotschisus oblitus 1972), soror (Pérez, 1903), and trifidus 1936)....

caucasus has been an important region for turkey since the collapse of the soviet :union:. this importance emanates from the region’s own natural resources, its position at the crossroads of the oil and gas rich regions of the world and chronic political instability and security threats. turkey as the key neighbour of the caucasus has experienced state – led fundamental and structural changes w...

due to its domestic problems, russia failed to pay significant attention to central asia and the caucasus after the collapse of the soviet :union:. this resulted in a geopolitical vacuum in the region followed by extensive activities done by regional actors including iran, turkey, pakistan and israel as well as world players such as nato. defining central asia and the caucasus as 'near abr...

the south ossetia crisis leading to military hostilities between russia and georgia has turned into one of the complicated crises in the caucasus and at the world level since the disintegration of the soviet :union:. this crisis should be considered as the harbinger of a new stage in the international relations arena in the transition from the cold war era. hence, it can be suggested that the c...

Chemical analyses of ancient organic compounds absorbed into the pottery fabrics from sites in Georgia in the South Caucasus region, dating to the early Neolithic period (ca. 6,000-5,000 BC), provide the earliest biomolecular archaeological evidence for grape wine and viniculture from the Near East, at ca. 6,000-5,800 BC. The chemical findings are corroborated by climatic and environmental reco...