the main goal of this research is studying the causative & effect of deficit budget, money offering and inflation rate in iran during 1360-1390. the results in long time indicates that the bulk of money has had positive effect & meaning on inflation rate during that time and alteration of budget deficit of the government has also positive effect on inflation but by meaningless impress, in other...

We relate notions of structural causality and conditional exogeneity as de…ned in White and Chalak (2006) (WC) to the concept of Granger causality. We show that given conditional exogeneity, structural non-causality implies retrospective Granger non-causality, an extension of the classical Granger (1969) non-causality condition. We also provide a form of converse to this result and tests for re...

It is proven thatK-causality coincides with stable causality, and that in a K-causal spacetime the relation K coincides with the Seifert’s relation. As a consequence the causal relation “the spacetime is strongly causal and the closure of the causal relation is transitive” stays between stable causality and causal continuity.

Granger causality methods were developed to analyze the flow of information between time series. These methods have become more widely applied in neuroscience. Frequency-domain causality measures, such as those of Geweke, as well as multivariate methods, have particular appeal in neuroscience due to the prevalence of oscillatory phenomena and highly multivariate experimental recordings. Despite...

abstract in this paper, we examine relationship between financial intermediary development variables and values added of agricultural sector in iran during 1352 to 1385. the five indices derived from the banking system as a financial intermediary development indicators, that define in related to the agricultural sector, and with the introduction of statistic methods of factor analysis and its a...