The main purpose of the study is to examine the causal relationship between government revenues and expenditures of the Jordan government over the period from 1990 to 2011 using Granger causality and VECM tests methodology. Which provides channels of causation between government revenues (GR) and government expenditures (GE).The empirical results show that bidirectional causality running betwee...

Causality has been recently introduced in databases, to model, characterize, and possibly compute causes for query answers. Connections between QAcausality and consistency-based diagnosis and database repairs (wrt. integrity constraint violations) have already been established. In this work we establish precise connections between QA-causality and both abductive diagnosis and the view-update pr...

We show that singularities necessarily occur when a boundary of causality violating set exists in a space-time under the physically suitable assumptions except the global causality condition in the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems. Instead of the global causality condition, we impose some restrictions on the causality violating sets to show the occurrence of singularities.

Most of the signals recorded in experiments are inevitably contaminated by measurement noise. Hence, it is important to understand the effect of such noise on estimating causal relations between such signals. A primary tool for estimating causality is Granger causality. Granger causality can be computed by modeling the signal using a bivariate autoregressive (AR) process. In this paper, we grea...

In 3 studies we addressed the operation of constraints on children’s causal judgments. Our primary focus was whether children’s beliefs about magical causality, specifically wishing, are constrained by features that govern the attribution of ordinary causality. In Experiment 1, children witnessed situations in which a confederate’s wish appeared to come true. Three features of causality—priorit...

Causality plays an essential role in reasoning about actions, and much of the research on the area deals with the problem of formalizing causality. In this article we pursue the idea that causality can be understood as an abstraction, and that one can write theories in which causality can be left implicit in the formalization of dynamic worlds. In particular, we identify one form of causality, ...

Clock vectors provide the information required to determine the possible causality and hence concurrency of events in a distributed computation. The causality of any pair of events can be determined by comparing event timestamps based on clock vectors. One of the major diiculties of deploying clock vectors in large-scale distributed systems is that they must be transmitted with all messages bet...

The properties of Granger-causality tests are examined when applied to integrated time series. Recently presented results suggesting spurious causality in such circumstances are shown to be highly dependent upon the absence of deterministic terms from the causality testing equations. The analysis is completed by the examination of an alternative non-parametric causality test.