CD3ζ is a subunit of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex required for its assembly and surface expression that also plays an important role in TCR-mediated signal transduction. We report here a patient with TBNK severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) who was homozygous for a single C insertion following nucleotide 411 in exon 7 of the CD3ζ gene. The few T cells present contained no detec...

BACKGROUND Immune modulation may improve outcome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Animal studies suggest alternatively activated macrophages are detrimental but human studies are limited. We performed a detailed assessment of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune response and examined immune correlates of disease severity and poor outcome, and the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART...

Retinoic acids are morphogenic signaling molecules that are derived from vitamin A and involved in a variety of tissue functions. Two groups of their nuclear receptors have been identified: retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoic acid X receptors (RXRs). All-trans retinoic acid is the high affinity ligand for RARs, and 9-cis retinoic acid also binds to RXRs with high affinity. In cells at h...

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare but aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily involves the sinusoids of the liver, red pulp of the spleen and the sinuses of the bone marrow. The specific rearrangement of the expressed T-cell receptor chain genes (TCR-αβ vs γδ) determines the subtype of the disease (HSαβTCL vs HSγδTCL). HSαβTCL is the rarer subtype with fewer than 30...

Viral myocarditis is an important cause of heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. T lymphocytes are implicated in myocardial damage in murine models of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis. We used knockout mice lacking CD4 (CD4), CD8 (CD8), both coreceptors (CD4CD8), or the T-cell receptor b chain (TCRb) to address the contribution of T-cell subpopulations to host susceptibility to CVB3 myo...

Rac GTPases consist of Rac1, 2 and 3, and each of them have redundant and differential functions. Rac1 is the most ubiquitously and abundantly expressed of the three and has been shown to work as a "molecular switch" in various signal transduction pathways. Although Rac1 and Rac2 are both activated by TCR ligation, little is known about the function of Rac GTPases in the development and activat...

Peripheral CD4CD8 double positive (DP) T cells have been reported to play a role in several autoimmune diseases, virus infections and cancer. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), both CD4 and CD8 single positive (SP) T cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis, but the role of peripheral CD4CD8 DP T cells has not been investigated in detail. Anti cyclic citrullinated antibodies (ACPA) positiv...

Nine sows were monitored for leukocyte subsets in mammary secretions during lactation. Using flow cytometry, percentages of monocytes/macrophages (CD45CD14), T cells (CD3), and their subpopulations (CD4, CD8 and double positive (DP) CD4CD8), and B cells (CD21) in colostrum and milk were determined. The mean percentage of CD3cells was relatively stable throughout lactation. About 40% of colostra...