introduction: stem cell biology has been the subject of much recent discussion. embryonic stem (es) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos are expected to become a powerful tool in future regenerative medicine and developmental biology due to their capacity of self-renewal and pluripotency. in the present study, the ultrastructural development...

Background: Immunotoxins are comprised of both the cell targeting and the cell killing moieties. We previously established a new immunotoxin, i.e. Shiga toxin granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (StxA1-GM-CSF), comprises of catalytic domain of Stx, as a killing moiety and GM-CSF, as a cell targeting moiety. In this study, the ability of the immunotoxin to induce apoptosis and dou...

Objective(s): Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal forms of human cancer and temozolomide (TMZ) is currently part of the standard treatment for this disease. Combination therapy using natural substances can enhance the anti-cancer activity of TMZ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TMZ in combination with thymoquinone (TQ) on human GBM cell line (U87MG). ...

aquatic plants have been used prevalently in china since 3000 years ago due to having various chemical compounds for diseases prevention and cure. dunaliella salina is one of the micro algae in marine ecosystems containing beta-carotene, retinal, apocarotenoides, ketones, aldehydes and epoxides which enable it to absorb free radicals and produce singlet oxygen.  in many studies, the anti-cancer...

Objective(s): In previous studies, antioxidant activity of Viola odorata L. has been demonstrated. In this study, we have investigated the anti-melanogenic effect of extract and fractions of the plant in B16F10 cell line. Materials and Methods: Impact of different increasing concentrations of extract and fractions of V. odorata was evaluated on cell viability, cellular tyrosinase, melanin conte...

micrornas (mirnas) are a group of short non-coding rnas implicated in numerous fundamental cellular processes, and their disregulations have been linked to several pathologic conditions, mainly cancers. determining tissue distribution of mirnas is a prerequisite for understanding their exact functions during development, tissue homeostasis and abnormality. in situ hybridization is a powerful te...