Organizations increasingly rely on group-based organizational structures to manage uncertain environments. However, at the group level there is still a limited understanding of how boundary-spanning activities should be managed to increase group performance. In this paper, we propose “out-grouptie centralization” as a concept that refers to the variation in the group members’ network ties to ot...

The cases of two patients with decompression sickness (DS) are described to add to the discussion about whether centralization, especially when accompanied by air-medical transport, is always justifiable in island emergency medicine. One patient received hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on another island after island-to-island transfer by boat; the other received HBO treatment on a ship that w...

In this paper we explore the information processing problem of the firm by modeling the firm as type of network, which is comprised of two kinds of agents, ’searchers’ and ’managers.’ The searchers explore the external environment and report the information to the managers. We study the role of centralization/decentralization in organizational structure to see how it affects performance of a fi...

In order to test the social mechanisms through which organizational climate emerges, this article introduces a model that combines transformational leadership and social interaction as antecedents of climate strength (i.e., the degree of within-unit agreement about climate perceptions). Despite their longstanding status as primary variables, both antecedents have received limited empirical rese...

STUDY DESIGN Prospective, comparative cohort study. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic significance of centralization in patients with subacute sciatica and referred symptoms. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous studies have shown that centralization occurs commonly in the nonspecific low back population, and its occurrence is associated with a good prognosis. The phenomenon has never ...

Objective. The improvement of the accuracy of fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern interpretation to improve perinatal outcomes remains an elusive challenge. We examined the impact of an FHR centralization system on the incidence of neonatal acidemia and cesarean births. Methods. We performed a regional, population-based, before-and-after study of 9,139 deliveries over a 3-year period. The chi-square...

Network measures assume a census of a well-bounded population. This level of coverage is rarely achieved in practice, however, and we have only limited information on the robustness of network measures to incomplete coverage. This paper examines the effect of node-level missingness on 4 classes of network measures: centrality, centralization, topology and homophily across a diverse sample of 12...