background: anticoagulation therapy is a routine treatment in patients with hemorrhagic cerebral venous thrombosis (cvt). however, fear of hemorrhagic complications and deterioration course following anticoagulation often disturbs the responsible physician. methods: this was a prospective observational study on consecutive cvt patients with hemorrhagic venous infarction or subarachnoid hemorrha...

conclusions the primary treatment for gh-producing adenoma is surgery; however, this patient has high surgical risk from her severe cardiomyopathy. radiotherapy poses a greater risk because of increased cerebrovascular mortality. somatostatin receptor ligands are significantly associated with improvement of cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters. dopamine agonists must be considered regardle...

3. Li Volti G, Sorrenti V, Murabito P et al. Pharmacological induction of heme oxygenase-1 inhibits iNOS and oxidative stress in renal ischemiareperfusion injury. Transplant Proc 2007; 39: 2986–2991 4. Datta PK, Koukouritaki SB, Hopp KA et al. Heme oxygenase-1 induction attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and proteinuria in glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 2540–2...

The possible pathways of oxidative stress in anaerobic exercise includes transient and acute muscular deoxygenation, which resembles the ischemiareperfusion, xanthine oxidase activation, catecholamine autoxidation, and NADPH oxidase activation, prostanoid metabolism, phagocyte respiratory burst activity, disruption of iron containing proteins, and altered calcium homeostasis. 5 Mechanical stres...

We read with interest the study by Christiansen and colleagues [1] in the previous issue of Critical Care. In a large cohort study, the authors report that among diabetic patients who are admitted to the ICU, the preadmission use of metformin is associated with a lower mortality rate. Here, we highlight that metformin limits ischemiareperfusion injury (IRI) and modulates inflammation by increas...

Background: The mechanisms underlying cerebral hypercapnic vasodilatation are not fully understood. Objective: To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in basal blood flow regulation and hypercapnia-induced vasodilatation in rabbit cerebral blood vessels. Methods: The change in cerebral blood flow was measured by a laser Doppler flowmeter in 18 Ne...

Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are small, lipid-soluble gaseous autacoids that modulate numerous physiological processes. Historically, both gases were considered highly noxious environmental hazards having well-defined modes of toxicity: CO binds avidly to hemoglobin reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the protein leading to tissue hypoxia while H2S is a potent mitochondr...

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an intrinsic phenomenon whereby 3~4 consecutive ischemia-reperfusion cycles to a remote tissue (noncardiac) increases the tolerance of the myocardium to sustained ischemiareperfusion induced injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning induces the local release of chemical mediators which activate the sensory nerve endings to convey signals to the brain. The...

introduction: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase-2 (nox2) is one of the predominant sources of ros production during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and can be induced by angiotensin ii. the evidence suggests that pharmacological blockers of renin-angiotensin system can exert direct tissue effects independent of their ability to regulate blood pressure. the mechanism(s)...