Abstract Cobalt chromium alloys (CoCr) are commonly used as total disc replacement components. However, there concerns about its long-term biological effects. Coating the CoCr with a ceramic could improve implant’s biocompatibility and wear resistance. Silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings have emerged recent alternative to this end. While many evaluated physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques de...

2D Two dimensional 3D Three dimensional BEOL Back end of line BI Burn-In CMP Chemical mechanical polishing D2D Die-to-die D2W Die-to-wafer ECD Electro-chemical deposition ECG Deleted in chapter EMIB Embedded multi-die interconnect bridge FEOL Front end of line IP Intellectual property KGD Known good die KOZ Keep out zone MCM Multi chip module MCP Multi chip package MEOL Middle end of line MPM M...

There is large and growing interest in making a wide variety of materials and surfaces antimicrobial. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a solventless lowtemperature process, is used to form thin films of polymers on fragile substrates. To improve research efficiency, a new combinatorial iCVD system was fabricated and used to efficiently determine the deposition kinetics for two new po...

ii by using insulation material correctly, a more uniform temperature distribution can be obtained. A model for the growth of SiC is used to predict growth rates at various process parameters. A number of possible factors influencing the growth rate are investigated using this model. The importance of including thermal diffusion and the effect of etching by hydrogen is shown, and the effect of ...

At the beginning of the seventies, a break-through took place in the telecommunication research. The introduction of Chemical Vapour Deposition technology in the manufacture of optical fibres allowed both technical quality and economical convenience to realise optical networks, thus beginning the telecommunication revolution. Since that moment, a great development of the CVD techniques has been...

Centre Of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China c Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China d Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Mate...

Perovskite BaTiO3 thin films have a wide range of applications for advanced devices. Especially, epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films are highly desirable for these advanced applications. So far, such epitaxial BaTiO3 films have been successfully fabricated on different single-crystal substrates using various deposition techniques including RF magnetron sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, metallorganic ...

The fundamental surface chemistry underlying selectivity in copper chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from COD-Cu-hfac and Cu(hfac), has been determined. Both electronic and chemistry contributions strongly influence the precursor reactivity on oxide as compared to metal surfaces. These results have important implications regarding the role of surface preparation and cleaning for initiating and ma...

Rules related to the safety of cosmetic products are imposed by the Council Directive 76/768/EEC (Cosmetics Directive) of 27 July 1976 (with subsequent amendments and adaptations). Article 2 states that: "A cosmetic product put on the market within the Community must not cause damage to human health when applied under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use ..." Article 7 explains th...