Hamad, F. and Mansoori, G.A., 1993. Theory of infinite dilution chemical potential. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 85: 141151. Exact expressions for the infinite dilution chemical potential in terms of the pair correlation function are derived. Appropriate approximations are introduced in these expressions to derive simple equations for the infinite dilution chemical potential in terms of molecular si...

Abstract: There are two possible methods for the inclusion of the chemical potential in a relativistic bosonic field theory. The most popular method has recently been criticised by some authors, so much so as to require a re-analysis of the entire problem. I here present a new approach to the inclusion of the chemical potential that uses the second method and zeta-function regularisation techni...

The transfer of hydride, proton, or H atom between substrate and cofactor in enzymes has been extensively studied for many systems, both experimentally and computationally. A simple equation for the reaction rate, an analog of an equation obtained earlier for electron transfer rates, is obtained, but now containing an approximate analytic expression for the bond rupture-bond forming feature of ...

In this lecture we compare different QCD-like partition functions with bosonic quarks and fermionic quarks at nonzero chemical potential. Although it is not a surprise that the ground state properties of a fermionic quantum system and a bosonic quantum system are completely different, the behavior of partition functions with bosonic quarks does not follow our naive expectation. Among other surp...

We introduce three universality classes of chiral random matrix ensembles with a nonzero chemical potential and real, complex or quaternion real matrix elements. In the thermodynamic limit we find that the distribution of the eigenvalues in the complex plane does not depend on the Dyson index, and is given by the solution proposed by Stephanov. For a finite number of degrees of freedom, N , we ...

Because heavy ion collision experiments at RHIC correspond to a chemical potential μ as small as 10MeV, lattice QCD simulations at small μ have attracted renewed interest. To address the sign problem caused by the complex fermion determinant, three approaches have been proposed. (i) Analytically continuing results obtained at imaginary chemical potential [1]; (ii) Measuring the coefficients of ...

Usually photons are not conserved in their interaction with matter. Consequently, for the thermodynamics of photons, while we have a concept of temperature for energy conservation, there is no equivalent chemical potential for particle number conservation. However, the notion of a chemical potential is crucial in understanding a wide variety of singleand many-body effects, from transport in con...

We identify the Goldstone modes appropriate to the low and high density phases of SU(2) lattice gauge theory with staggered fermions. We present hybrid Monte Carlo simulation results for susceptibilities on a 6 lattice at β = 1.5, m = 0.05. We specify how to implement a diquark source term in a lattice simulation and present first measurements of the lattice diquark condensate as a function of ...

Using a chiral random matrix theory we can now derive the low energy partition functions and Dirac eigenvalue correlations of QCD with different chemical potentials for the dynamical and valence quarks. The results can also be extended to complex (and purely imaginary) chemical potential. We also discuss possible applications such as fitting to low energy constants and understanding the phase d...

A nonperturbative lattice study of QCD at finite chemical potential is complicated due to the complex fermion determinant and the sign problem. Here we apply the method of stochastic quantization and complex Langevin dynamics to this problem. We present results for U(1) and SU(3) one link models and QCD at finite chemical potential using the hopping expansion. The phase of the determinant is st...