background/purpose: although habitual consumption of xylitol reduces cariogenic streptococci levels, its effect on beneficial oral streptococci is less clear. the main aim of the study is to investigate the effect of short-term xylitol consumption on the oral beneficial streptococci level of saliva, streptococcus sanguinis and s. mitis . material and methods: twenty four volunteers with a media...

objective(s) while the nucleus accumbens and the striatum have received much attention regarding their roles in stereotyped behaviors, the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) has not been investigated to the same degree. few studies have reported the role of the mpfc in dopaminergic induction of locomotor hyperactivity. the mpfc is a heterogeneous area (the anterior cingulated, prelimbi...

The finding that chewing gum can moderate stress and mood changes following a multi-task cognitive stressor (Scholey et al., 2009) was re-examined. In a repeated measures cross-over design, thirty participants completed a 20-min multi-tasking stressor on consecutive days, both with and without chewing gum. Both prior to and post stressor, participants provided salivary cortisol samples and self...

In this clinical study, pre- and post-rehabilitation changes in intraborder mandible movements, chewing cycles, masticatory efficiencies, and borders of the chewing area of patients with unilateral muscular disorders (MD) (n = 20) or unilateral disc derangement disorders (DDD) (n = 20) of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were observed and compared with healthy individuals with full dentition (n...

OBJECTIVES The present study examined the effect of chewing gum on sustained attention and associated changes in subjective alertness. METHODS In a within-participants design, 20 participants completed an extended version of the sustained attention response task (SART: Robertson et al., 1997), both with and without chewing gum. Self-rated measures of alertness, contentedness, and calmness wer...

Biting is the initial step of processing and prepare the food for swallowing so that it can be further processed in the digestive system. Chewing reduces the food bolus or food particles size, saliva moistens the nourishment and flavors are discharged. Taste and texture of the nourishment are seen and produce their effect on the chewing process. There are so many factors determining the chewing...

We examine the impact of chewing gum on a Bakan-type vigilance task that requires the continual updating of short-term order memory. Forty participants completed a 30-min auditory Bakan-task either with, or without, the requirement to chew gum. Self-rated measures of mood were taken both pre- and post-task. As expected, the vigilance task produced a time-dependent performance decrement indexed ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ibuprofen, viscoelastic bite wafers, and chewing gum in reducing orthodontic pain. METHODS This randomized clinical trial included 50 girls between the ages of 13 and 18 years classified into 5 groups of 10 each: placebo, ibuprofen (400 mg), chewing gum, soft viscoelastic wafer, and hard viscoelastic wafer. The patients in each...

PURPOSE The present study was carried out to identify how gum chewing with and without occlusal support by implant prostheses affects brain function as well as chewing function. METHODS Twenty-four subjects rehabilitated with implant-supported fixed prostheses were evaluated. An electroencephalograph (EEG) (ESA-Pro) and mandibular kinesiograph (Bio PAK(®)) wear used to measure brain function ...