Abstract This study investigates the second language (L2) acquisition of a constraint on definiteness in Japanese floating numeral quantifiers (NQs) by native English and Korean speakers. The arises because specific structural relation between NQ its associated noun, resulting an obligatorily indefinite interpretation. indirect – or, covert encoding this structure allows investigation predictio...

Second-language (L2) acquisition is generally thought to be constrained by maturational factors that circumscribe a critical period for nativelike attainment. Consistent with the maturational view are age effects among learners who begin L2 acquisition prior to, but not after, closure of the putative critical period. Also favoring the maturational account is the scarcity of late L2 learners at ...

In a previous study of native-English speaking university learners of a second language (Spanish) we observed an asymmetric pattern of ERP translation priming effects in L1 and L2 (Alvarez et al., 2003, Brain & Language, 87, 290-304) with larger and earlier priming on the N400 component in the L2 to L1, compared with the L1 to L2 direction. In the current study 20 native-Russian speakers who we...

This article revisits earlier proposals that language learning is, in essence, the learning of formulaic sequences and their interpretations; that this occurs at all levels of granularity from large to small; and that the language system emerges from the statistical abstraction of patterns latent within and across form and function in language usage. It considers recent research in individual d...

This paper is based upon a longitudinal study of L2 attrition in a bilingual child who grew up in an L2 migration background (Germany) and moved to the country of origin (Portugal) at the age of nine, experiencing a dominance shift from the L2 to the L1. The study aims to analyze the effects of language loss in L2 German. Data collection started 3 weeks after the child's immersion in the Portug...

The human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid consists of 360 copies of the major capsid protein, L1, arranged as 72 pentamers on a T=7 icosahedral lattice, with substoichiometric amounts of the minor capsid protein, L2. In order to understand the arrangement of L2 within the HPV virion, we have defined and biochemically characterized a domain of L2 that interacts with L1 pentamers. We utilized an in v...

So to define MLS policy, it is necessary to first specify a set of security levels. This set of security levels is associated with a partial order relation denoted <. If l1 and l2 are two security levels then l1 < l2 is read l1 is lower than l2. When < is a partial order relation, it may happen that both l1 < l2 and l2 < l1 and l1 = l2 are false. In this case, we say that l1 and l2 are incompar...

Prosodic transfer is a rich area of research for second language acquisition (SLA), encompassing multiple aspects of a speaker’s production (Archibald 1997, 2006, Goad & White 2006, Gut 2003, Barry 2007, inter alia). In the research reported here we are particularly interested in the L2 acquisition of main sentence prominence or nuclear stress (NS), regarding how the L1 (Spanish) and the L2 (En...