the unccd has been ratified by over 190 countries. it is the attempt by nations, both rich and poor to control the scourge of desertification. the definition of which is “land degradation in arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. it is now widely accepted that desertification is not the relentless advance of des...

one grotesque catfish specimen was collected in zhangjiang river (upper reach of a secondary tributary of hongshuihe river) in libo county, guizhou province, china. this specimen bears surprising character of four dorsal fins, which have not appeared in any other silurid fishes. but other morphological characters, such as two pairs of barbels, lower jaw projecting beyond upper jaw, the first do...

the paper published in the january 2015 issue of this journal by gusmano and colleagues entitled “shanghai rising: health improvements as measured by avoidable mortality since 2000” has spurred this commentary. we discuss controversial issues surrounding the concept of avoidable mortality in health service research in general and gusmano’s study in particular. the impact of overall social devel...

there has been a dramatic rise in the use of assisted reproductive technologies (art), including in vitro fertilization (ivf) throughout the world over the past three decades. because they represent >1% of the birth cohorts in many developed countries, much attention is being paid to the health and well-being of art children. children born after assisted reproductive techniques (art) have an in...

global greenhouse gas emissions from 2000 to 2010 has grown more quickly (2.2%/yr) than in the previous three decades (1.3%/yr). china accounts for approximately 23% of global co2 emissions and the household sector is considered the major contributor. this study conducts a time series analysis of a per person household carbon emissions (hces) in china during 1995 to 2011. annual macroeconomic d...

patients and methods il28b rs8099917 was genotyped in 263 patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and 244 healthy controls in tianjin, china using taqman snp genotyping method. the roles of rs8099917 and clinical characteristics in antiviral treatment were analyzed by logistic regression. results among 263 patients with chronic hcv infection, 223 had a tt genotype (84.8%). frequencies o...

prenatal lead exposure could not only affect various organ systems of the mother, but also provide a plumbeous environment for the fetus and newborns, and may affect the fetus in a number of detrimental ways. the aim of this study was to adequately determine the interaction between these factors and risky behaviors such as smoking.data from nanjing maternity and child health care hospital surve...

The offered approach is based on the establishment of the functional dependence between river water discharge (Q) and suspended ms ,in a number of observations, which noticeably differs from the mean value (R) of subsequent allocated period(s). The earliest period anthropogenic component during the subsequent period(s) is the difference between an actual suspended sediment yield and its hypothe...

the purpose of this article is to deal with causes and trends of china and latin america foreign policy in hu jintao era. before hu presidency, china had more tendency to promoting relations with the west, but during this period (hu’s era) third world countries like africa and latin america countries gained their precedent positions in china foreign policy. the main question raised here, is “wh...

background: to provide a point of reference to study the epidemiology and clin-ical expression of canine babesiosis in china. methods: a total of 30 dogs infected with canine babesiosis were evaluated by mean of clinical history, physical examination, hematological, restriction fragment length polymorphism of pcr products (pcr-rflp) and sequencing analysis. result: the most prevalent clinical a...