A theoretical but as yet not conclusively proved risk of chloramphenicol induced idiosyncratic aplastic anaemia exists with topical ophthalmic therapy, with the absolute, but highly improbable, maximum risk of death (equalling that of systemic therapy) being 1 in 50,000 to 90,000. To put this in realistic perspective, one must note that the comparable risk of fatal anaphylaxis resulting from pe...

Many Enterococcus faecalis strains display tolerance or resistance to many antibiotics, but genes that contribute to the resistance cannot be specified. The multiresistant E. faecalis V583, for which the complete genome sequence is available, survives and grows in media containing relatively high levels of chloramphenicol. No specific genes coding for chloramphenicol resistance has been recogni...

The safety and efficacy of 0.3% ofloxacin in treating bacterial ocular infections was compared with that of 0.5% chloramphenicol in a parallel-group, randomised clinical trial at five sites. Clinical and microbiological improvement rates were studied in 84 culture-positive patients. Patients with suspected bacterial ocular infections were evaluated for clinical improvement and were included in ...

A simplified radioenzymatic assay for chloramphenicol was developed by eliminating the need for cumbersome extraction procedures. After the acetylation of chloramphenicol with [(14)C]acetyl coenzyme A in the presence of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, the reaction mixture was added to a toluene-based scintillation fluid. Since (14)C-acetylated chloramphenicol is more soluble than [(14)C]acet...

Background: Pathogenic micro-organisms are the most commonly involved etiologic agents in causing external ocular diseases. Conjunctiva, lid and cornea are the most commonly affected parts of the eye. Ofloxacin is exceptionally potent against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and obligate anaerobes. It is also reported to be effective against ocular pathogens. The action ...

Chloramphenicol is frequently used for better visualization of the Escherichia coli nucleoid. Here, we show that chloramphenicol causes not only rounding off of the nucleoid but also fusion of as many as four separated nucleoids. Nucleoid fusion occurred in fast-growing cells and in filaments obtained by dicF antisense RNA induction or in ftsZ84(Ts) and pbpB(Ts) mutants. Thus, treatment with ch...

With the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, combining medicinal plants with synthetic or orthodox medicines against resistant bacteria becomes necessary. In this study, interactions between methanolic extract of Acacia mearnsii and eight antibiotics were investigated by agar diffusion and checkerboard assays. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all the antibiotics ranged be...

Amino acid incorporation into protein by chloroplasts and chloroplast ribosomes is more sensitive to inhibition by chloramphenicol than amino acid incorporation into protein by cytoplasmic ribosomes (3, 4). Chloramphenicol also inhibits the formation of some chloroplast enzymes without affecting cell division in Euglena (11) or leaf development in bean (8, 9). Chloramphenicol also selectively i...

The antibiotic residues in milk are a well-known serious problem and pose several health hazards to consumers. We have described a simple, rapid, and inexpensive DLLME-HPLC/UV technique for the extraction of chloramphenicol and florfenicol residues in milk samples. Under the optimum conditions, linearity of the method was observed over the range 0.02-0.85 µg/L with correlation coefficients > 0....