Chloride channels belong to a superfamily of ion channels that permit passive passage of anions, mainly chloride, across cell membrane. They play a variety of important physiological roles in regulation of cytosolic pH, cell volume homeostasis, organic solute transport, cell migration, cell proliferation, and differentiation. However, little is known about the functional regulation of these cha...

Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of a chloride channel that is closely related to a protein that transports lipids.

We studied the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning on the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection in a rat focal cerebral ischemic model. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with HBO (100% O(2), 2 atmospheres absolute, 1 h once every other day for 5 sessions) or with room air. In experiment 1, HBO-preconditioned rats and matched room air controls were subjected to...

We have previously shown that monoclonal antibody E12 (MAb E12), one of several such antibodies raised against theophylline-treated Necturus gallbladder (NGB) epithelial cells, inhibits the chloride conductance in the apical membrane of that tissue. Since chloride channels are critical to the secretory function of epithelia in many different animals, we have used this antibody to determine whet...

PURPOSE To determine whether there is gene expression and functional activity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) in an SV40-immortalized rabbit corneal epithelial cell line, tRCE. METHODS Both whole-cell and cell-attached patch-clamp techniques were used to examine the biophysical characteristics of the cAMP-dependent chloride current. The molecular identity...

In T84 cells, we investigated how stimulation of protein kinase C leads to an inhibition of cAMP-dependent chloride secretion. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that the inhibition was caused by loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), an apical membrane chloride channel. As described by others (Trapnell, B. C., Zeitlin, P. L., Chu, C.-S., Yoshimura, K., Nakamura, H., Gu...

Anoctamin1 (ANO1)/transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), is involved in many physiological functions such as fluid secretion, smooth muscle contraction, nociception and cancer progression. To date, only a few ANO1 inhibitors have been described, and these have low potency and selectivity for ANO1. Here, we performed a high-throughput screening to ident...