A literature review of experimental and human exposure studies of skin permeation and cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions evoked by chromium was carried out to provide a basis for making a risk assessment of chromium as a soil contaminant. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that 1 to 4% of the applied dose of hexavalent and trivalent chromium to guinea pig skin penetrated skin within 5 ...

Chromium nanoparticles are formed using superfluid helium droplets as the nanoreactors, which are strongly ferromagnetic. The transition from antiferromagentism to ferromagnetism is attributed to atomic-scale disorder in chromium nanoparticles, leading to abundant unbalanced surface spins. Theoretical modeling confirms a frustrated aggregation process in superfluid helium due to the antiferroma...

Chromium is an essential trace element for mammals and is required for maintenance of proper carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, elucidating its function at a molecular level has proved to be problematic. Recent research has revealed that the chromium-binding oligopeptide chromodulin may play a unique role in the autoamplification of insulin signaling. Attempts to develop chromium-conta...

The evaluations of the potential carcinogenicity of metallic chromium and trivalent chromium by several international and national agencies [International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1990; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1993; Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), 1994; United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 1998; United States Nation...

Mononuclear chromium(I) alkyne complex (i-Pr2Ph)2nacnacCr(η(2)-C2(SiMe3)2) (1) reacts rapidly with dioxygen to yield chromium(V) dioxo species (i-Pr2Ph)2nacnacCr(O)2 (2). The mechanism of this oxygen cleavage has been studied experimentally and computationally. Isotope labeling studies rule out a direct four-electron oxidative addition of O2 to one chromium atom, which involves a spin-forbidden...

Chromium plays an important role in human and animal bodies. According to the oxidation state chromium can be advantageous for human health and, simultaneously possesses toxic properties. In this work the studies concerning the chromium content in the total and Cr (VI) forms in selected and frequently used during breakfast food products were presented. The largest quantities of the metal occur ...

OBJECTIVE Chromium treatment has been shown to improve mood, appetite, and glucose regulation in various psychiatric and medical patient populations. The authors propose that chromium may be useful in the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD Twenty-four overweight adults with BED were enrolled in a 6-month double-blind placebo-controlled trial and randomly assigned to receive eith...

All the known chromium(III) NASICON-related phosphates are considered to be solid solutions. In these compounds chromium atoms share their position in the basic framework of the crystal lattice with other structure forming elements such as zirconium. In our study, we have hypothesised a completely new way of structural organisation of the chromium(III) zirconium(IV) NASICON framework, consistin...

The chromium (III) metformin hydrochloride complex as a diabetic drug model was synthesised by the chemical reaction between chromium (III) chloride hexahydrateand metforminHCl (Mfn.HCl) in methanol solvent. The [Cr(Mfn-HCl)2(Cl)2].Cl.6H2O complex was characterized using microanalytical measurements, molar conductance, spectroscopic (infrared, and UV-vis.), effective magnetic moment, and therma...

The presence of toxic heavy metals such as chromium (VI) contaminants in aqueous streams, arising from the discharge of untreated metal containing effluents into water bodies, is one of the most important environmental problems. Adsorption is one of the effective techniques for chromium (VI) removal from wastewater. In the present study, adsorbent is prepared from tamarind seeds and studies are...