The microstructure of the hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C alloy is observed by optical microscopy (OM). The initial growth morphology, the crystallographic structure, the semi-molten morphology and the stacking faults of the primary M7C3 carbide are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The in-suit growth process of the primary M7C3 carbide was observe...

The in vivo binding of chromium to whole chromatin, polynucleosomes, DNA, and cytoplasmic RNA-protein fraction from liver and kidney was examined after treatment of rats with sodium dichromate and chromium(III) chloride. Significant amounts of chromium were bound to DNA and the nonhistone proteins of chromatin and to cytoplasmic RNA-protein fraction. The binding of chromium to the nuclear and c...

In sheet metal forming (SMF), the major failure reason is galling. Galling is a process of different wear stages that leads to destruction of both the forming tool and the sheet metal working piece and is, because of that, of big economic importance for the SMF industries. Therefore, investigations and researches about how tool steels microstructure affect the tool steels galling resistance is ...

Chromium is present in the environment in several different forms. The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III) (or trivalent chromium) and chromium(VI) (or hexavalent chromium). Chromium(III) occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential nutrient that helps the human body utilize sugar, protein and fat. Chromium(VI) and chromium(0) are generally produced by industrial process...

It has been recognized that chromium is an essential trace element associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and chromium deficiency causes an impaired glucose tolerance. Recently, however, Vincent et al. have reported that chromium is not an essential trace element. In the present report, the author evaluated the nutritional essentiality of chromium by reviewing several previous reports. In alm...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of chromium malate on glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzyme levels and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats, and dose-response and curative effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of type 2 diabetes rats was developed, and daily treatment with chromium malate was given for 4 weeks. A rat enzyme-linked immun...

Chromium(VI) compounds are known to be potent toxic and carcinogenic agents. Because chromium(VI) is easily taken up by cells and is subsequently reduced to chromium(III), the formation of paramagnetic chromium such as chromium(V) and chromium(III) is believed to play a role in the adverse biological effects of chromium(VI) compounds. The present report, uses electron spin resonance (ESR) spect...