Abstract A 2.5 year old girl is presented with both hands constriction bands leading to distal amputations and the rare deformity of shoulder duplication in the right side accompanying constriction skin marking over the affected shoulder. The cephalomedial scapula articulated with the clavicle and the caudolateral scapula articulated with humeral head. The most important physical finding which...

In response to chronic hypertension, the heart compensates by hypertrophic growth, which frequently progresses to heart failure. Although intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) has a central role in hypertrophic signaling pathways, the Ca(2+) source for activating these pathways remains elusive. We hypothesized that pathological sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak through defective cardiac intracellular...

To explore the analgesic effect of electro-acupuncture on neuropathic pain model rats and to clarify mechanism analgesia from perspective vesicular glutamate transporter 2/toll like receptor 4 signal pathway. A total 30 specific pathogen free grade adult male Sprague-Dawley were selected. The randomly divided into group (chronic constriction injury), sham operation group, non-electro-acupunctur...

Introduction: Glial activation and secretion of cytokines at the spinal level is known as part of chronic pain pathogenesis. Although changes in TNFα at the supraspinal level are reported during chronic pain, its exact role and site of action remain to be elucidated. We investigated the effect of microinfusion of TNFα into the LC in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods: Male Wistar rats...

We clarified the dynamics of debris flows in areas wherein topography changes abruptly. First, flow through a constriction were investigated by experimentally generating non-uniform conditions. Then, numerical calculations performed using an erosion/deposition rate equation that considers pressure gradient constriction, and compared with experimental data.