background: chronic kidney disease is a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. anemia is one of the main complications of end-stage renal disease (esrd) which is linked closely with other complications of the disease. the primary therapy for anemia in these patients is erythropoietin (epo). the goal of this study was to find the effect of vitamin d administration in addition to th...

introduction: invasive fungal sinusitis, though considered to be rare entity, is nowadays frequently encountered, not only in immunocompromised patients but also in immunocompetent patients. the changing prevalence towards immunocompetent hosts is due to the indiscriminate usage of broad spectrum antibiotics, steroids, and immunosuppressive drugs. diagnosing invasive fungal sinusitis should not...

abstract objective: obesity is related to anemia which is explained its mechanism as disorder in iron absorption but the more rational reason is anemia of inflammation or anemia of chronic disease. the aim of this study was to define the prevalence of obesity in patients with normochromic normocytic anemia. materials and methods: we screened 406 patients who were referred to endocrine clinic. t...

background: the incidence rate of esophageal squamouse cell cancer (escc) in eastern part of golestan province in iran is among the highest ones in the world. in order to discover the factors interplay in high rate of escc incidence, several case-control and cross-sectional studies were established in this area.as a cohort study has priority in detecting risk factors of a disease, a 10-year pro...

background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is usually considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide, so finding proper therapeutic strategies for this disease is of high importance. in this meta-analysis, we reviewed the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of conventional long acting beta agonists (labas) in copd patients. methods: we searched medline and goog...

background and objective: the main causes of nocturnal hypoxemia are pulmonary diseases or sleep related breathing disorders. in overlap syndrome, the co-existence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and ob-structive sleep apnea (osa), blood oxygen alteration, and hypercapnia may be more severe. we aimed to study hypox-emia markers in osa patients with or without copd. materials and...

objective : patients with chronic physical diseases sometimes show increased loss of function; such patients need more care. anxiety is a well-known symptom that is prevalent among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that can prolong and increase the risk of hospitalization. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the severity of anxiety in the mentioned patients and to examine the...

conclusion vttq can sensitively detect the elasticity changes in patients with ckd, and it can effectively predict renal insufficiency. this technology provides a valuable tool for the assessment of ckd. patients and methods sixty-five patients with ckd and seventy healthy participants were included in this study. a total of 270 kidneys were examined by vttq. the kidney elasticity was expressed...

c-reactive protein (crp) is an acute-phase protein synthesized predominantly by the hepatocytes in response to tissue damage or inflammation. levels of acute-phase proteins rise rapidly, during infection and after injury. we take up the study to correlate serum crp levels with other important predictive markers of outcome in copd. patient with stable copd (no exacerbation in the last two months...

pulmonary hypertension (ph) is an important cause of heart failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the pro brain natriuretic peptide n-terminal (nt-probnp) has been suggested as a noninvasive marker to evaluate ventricular function. however, there is no evidence to support the use of nt-probnp in monitoring the benefits of vasodilators in copd induced ph. thus, we used nt-probn...