Leishmaniasis comprises a group of diseases caused by a protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of infected female sand flies. Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Phenomena such as globalization and human migration, as well as the increased volume of international travel have extended its pre...

Waldenström first described the disease entity now termed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in 1950, when he observed a chronic form of hepatitis in young women.1 This hepatitis led to cirrhosis and was associated with jaundice, elevated gamma globulins, and amenorrhea.2 The disease was found to be associated with other autoimmune syndromes3 and was later termed “lupoid hepatitis” because of the prese...

Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis are diverse and related to the infecting species, its relationship with the environment and the host immune response. A case of late Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis with extensive manifestation is presented. The case was confirmed through microbiological and immunological studies; identification was performed by cytochrome b gene sequencing and the specie...

Twelve patients with active ;juvenile' cirrhosis (active chronic hepatitis, ;lupoid' hepatitis) and six subjects with other types of portal or postnecrotic cirrhosis were submitted to percutaneous renal biopsy. In addition, renal function was assessed in all patients by measurement of the 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance, maximal urinary osmolality after deprivation of water, 24-hour uri...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic debilitating disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Annually, it approximated occurrence 0.2 to 0.4 million novel cases worldwide. The cast film method was used prepared cationic mannosylated liposomes. surface Amphotericin B (Amp B)-bearing multilamellar liposomes covalently coupled ...

Canine visceral Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoan of the genus Leishmania. This chronic and often fatal disease is a zoonosis with a wide distribution in the America, Africa, Asia and Mediterranean basin. In Mediterranean countries the prevalence of CVL ranges from 1 % to 37 % [3, 10]. Although a limited number of studies on canine visceral leishmaniasis have been conduct...

The serologic assay is an important tool in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. One of the most commonly used tests is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Since total Leishmania promastigotes are used as antigen in the routine assay, false-positive reactions are frequent due to cross-reaction with sera from other diseases, mainly Chagas' disease. Therefore, an antigen that determines less cr...