Missing outcome data are a common threat to the validity of the results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which, if not analysed appropriately, can lead to misleading treatment effect estimates. Studies with missing outcome data also threaten the validity of any meta-analysis that includes them. A conceptually simple Bayesian framework is proposed, to account for uncertainty due to miss...

Since at the time of graduation from medical school physicians are expected to demonstrate adequate professional competence including mastery of critical appraisal skills, we conducted a preliminary, cross-sectional, web-based study to examine the extent to which fourth year medical students in the US are competent in core areas of evidence-based medicine (EBM). Using self-assessment instrument...

Both systemic and individual factors contribute to missed or delayed diagnoses. Among the multiple factors that impact clinical performance of the individual, the caliber of cognition is perhaps the most relevant and deserves our attention and understanding. In the last few decades, cognitive psychologists have gained substantial insights into the processes that underlie cognition, and a new, u...

T 1997 version of Medicare’s “Documentation Guidelines for Evaluation and Management Services” defines complete exams for 11 organ systems and significantly expands the definitions for multisystem exams. When the guidelines were released, some physicians appreciated their specificity, while many declared them too burdensome to use. Developed as a replacement for the 1995 documentation guideline...

BACKGROUND Despite their importance on diagnostic accuracy, there is a paucity of literature on questionnaire tools to assess clinicians' awareness toward cognitive errors. A validation study was conducted to develop a questionnaire tool to evaluate the Clinician's Awareness Towards Cognitive Errors (CATChES) in clinical decision making. METHODS This questionnaire is divided into two parts. P...

Oncothermia survival studies are problematic due to the missing control arm. This is a problem is general, when the treatment targets advanced, mostly refractory, relapsed malignancies in high treatment lines, when the only way is the sequential treatment. Usually the care in high line treatment (or in terminal phase) has very limited evidence based possibilities, its medical decision-making pr...

Systematic reviews represent a specific type of medical research in which the units of analysis are the original primary studies. They are essential tools in synthesizing available scientific information, increasing the validity of the conclusions of primary studies, and identifying areas for future research. They are also indispensable for the practice of evidence-based medicine and the medica...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend an earlier study carried out in the UK of lay understanding of cancer-related terms in a Dutch sample, by (i) examining understanding of common terms relating to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment and (ii) experimentally exploring the effect of medical jargon versus plain language use on individuals' perceived efficacy in interact...

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Medical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas are systematically developed statements to assist health care providers in medical decision making for specific clinical conditions. Most of the content herein is based on literature reviews. In areas of uncertainty, professional ju...

The paper argues that a framework can be built using the story and anchor-and-adjust models which integrates research in strategic decision making, particularly cognitive biases and maps, executive team decision making, and resource allocation and acquisition decision processes. Propositions are developed focusing on the managerial implications of the story