INCE TURKS’ initial identification of chronic lymphoS cytic leukemia (CLL), Minot and Isaacs” description of its clinical features in 1924, and Dameshek‘? hypothesis in 1967, considerable progress in the understanding of CLL has been achieved, especially during the last two decades. The purpose of the present work is to review the major advances in the biology and clinical research of CLL and t...

Although spontaneous remissions may rarely occur in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), T cells do generally not develop a clinically significant response against B-CLL cells. Because this T-cell anergy against B-CLL cells may be caused by the inability of B-CLL cells to present tumor-antigens efficiently, we examined the possibility of upregulating critical costimulatory (B7-1 and B7-...

BACKGROUND Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) identified 4 highly correlated intronic variants within the IRF8 gene that were associated with CLL. These results were further supported by a recent meta-analysis of our GWAS with two other GWAS of CLL, supporting the IRF8 gene as a strong candidate for CLL risk. METHODS To refine the genetic associatio...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have a poor prognosis, underlying mechanism remains unclear. NOTCH mutations are frequent in CLL and associated disease progression drug resistance. It is also reported to be lymphoid malignancies. In order investigate the relation between pathway HBV-associated CLL, we studied 98 previously untreated HBV positiv...

We show that lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell precursors derived from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and cultured in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2 and normal human serum (NHS), develop into primarily NK cell-like (CD 57+) LAK cells, whereas identically prepared LAK cell precursors from normal subjects develop into mainly T cell-like (CD 3+, CD 8+) LA...

The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) provides a unique molecular signature; however, we demonstrate that 26/198 CLL patients (13%) had more than one IGH rearrangement, indicating the power of molecular technology over phenotypic analysis. Single-cell PCR analysis and next-generation immuno-sequencing identified IGH-defined clones. In 23% ...

Though B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is known to be a heterogeneous disease, only recently has the familial component of CLL been more thoroughly investigated. This entity is seen in approximately 5%-10% of all patients with CLL and can be associated with earlier age of diagnosis, higher female prevalence, and increased incidence of other lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), such as non...

PURPOSE Immunoglobulin G-switched chronic lymphocytic leukemia (G-CLL) is a rare variant of CLL, whose origin and ontogenetic relationship to the common IgM/IgD (MD-CLL) variant remains undefined. Here, we sought for clues about the ontogeny of G-CLL versus MD-CLL by profiling the relevant IG gene repertoires. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using purpose-built bioinformatics methods, we performed detail...

Genome-editing systems such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology have uncovered new opportunities to model diseases chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CRISPR/Cas9 is an important means of advancing functional studies Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) through the incorporation, elimination and modification somatic mutations in CLL models.

At some intersections, excessive queue lengths may spill out of the left-turn bay and block the through lanes, jeopardizing level of service for the entire intersection. One of the most effective plans recently presented by the researchers is the "Contraflow left-turn lane" (CLL) In this method, left-turn vehicles will use the nearest lane in the opposite direction in addition to the usual left...