Introduction “Blink” is defined as closing and opening of the eyes in a small duration of time. In this study, we aimed to introduce a fast, robust, vision-based approach for blink detection. Materials and Methods This approach consists of two steps. In the first step, the subject’s face is localized every second and with the first blink, the system detects the eye’s location and creates an ope...

the second law of thermodynamic (entropy principle) is of special theo-philosophical importance. it seems that this law, which is renowned as “the death of software design” and despite the order in the world, is like an incompatible universal. this article examines the concept of entropy in the three temperature, statistic, and information applications and addresses the contradiction of the sec...

The core of a cooperative game on a set of players N is one of the most popular concept of solution. When cooperation is restricted (feasible coalitions form a subcollection F of 2 ), the core may become unbounded, which makes it usage questionable in practice. Our proposal is to make the core bounded by turning some of the inequalities defining the core into equalities (additional efficiency c...