abstractprevious studies have shown the role of opioid receptors located in the nucleus cuneiformis (cnf) in acute pain, but not in chronic pain models. in the present study, we have determined that possible effects of these receptors at the cnf on both early and late phases of formalin test following local and systemic morphine administration. each rat was given a subcutaneous 50-μl injection ...

Physicochemical characterization and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of atranorin (AT) extracted from Cladina kalbii Ahti in formalin- and capsaicin-induced orofacial pain and anti-inflammatory tests in rodents were studied. Physicochemical characterization showed that AT has the general formula C19H18O8. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with AT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p.), ...

Objective The inhibitory effects of Morphine and the stimulatory influence of kisspeptin signaling have been demonstrated on GnRH/LH release. Hypothalamic kisspeptin is involved in relaying the environmental and metabolic information to reproductive axis. In the present study the role of kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling system was investigated on relaying the inhibitory effects of morphine on LH horm...

1-(1-Cyclooctylpiperidin-4-yl)-indolin-2-one (SR14150) and 1-(1-(2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl)piperidinl-4-yl)-indolin-2-one (SR16835) are moderately selective nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor agonists. In the [(35)S]guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) assay in vitro, SR14150 is a partial agonist at both the NOP and μ-opioid receptors, whereas SR16835 is a full agonist at the NO...

objective: results obtained from literature reviews and human studies have shown the analgesic effects of clove plant in toothache. the present work was undertaken in order to investigate the possible analgesic effect of clove oil in mice. materials and methods: fifty mice were divided into 5 groups: 1) saline; 2) essential oil (ess) 2%, 3) ess 5%, 4) ess10% and 5) ess 20%. the hot plate test (...

abstract background and objective: according to the issue of dependence and tolerance in addicted patients, the inefficiency of existing treatments and the new recommendation for drug combination therapy for diseases in modern pharmacology, the present study examined the effect of methadone and valproate combination on morphine dependence and tolerance. materials and methods: ninety-eight male ...

INTRODUCTION This randomized, cross-over, double-blind, controlled study of continuous intrathecal morphine administration in patients with severe, long-term pain addresses whether the supplementation of low doses of naloxone in this setting is associated with beneficial clinical effects. METHODS All of the study subjects (n=11) provided informed consent and were recruited from a subset of pa...

objective: this study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive effect of chronic administration of the flavonoid hesperetin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats using formalin and hot tail immersion tests. materials and methods: rats were divided into 5 control groups, hesperetin-treated control, diabetic, sodium salicylate (ss)-treated diabetic, and hesperetin- and glibenclamide-treated dia...

BACKGROUND Dalbergia sissoo DC. (Family: Fabaceae) is a medium to large deciduous tree, is locally called "shishu" in Bangladesh. It is used to treat sore throats, dysentery, syphilis, bronchitis, inflammations, infections, hernia, skin diseases, and gonorrhea. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the methanol extract of D. sissoo leaves (MEDS) in mice. METHODS The extract was a...