The objective of this paper is to increase life time of homogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through minimizing long range communication and energy balancing. Sensor nodes are resource constrained particularly with limited energy that is difficult o r impossible to replenish. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is most well -known cluster based architecture for WSN that aims...

In this study we propose an efficient clustering protocol called AMHC used for resource discovery in large scale Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). AMHC is an Adaptive Multi-Hop Clustering generating several non-overlapping network localities (clusters) with explicit elected cluster-heads. Every cluster member is on average d hops away from its cluster-head, where d is an integer parameter for th...

Energy efficiency is the most important issue in research of wireless sensor networks while the routing protocol plays an import role in achieving energy efficiency in WSN. In this paper, the deficiencies of LEACH are analyzed and an improved cluster-based energy efficient routing algorithm called ECHC is proposed. An election weight taking account of the residual energy and concentration of no...

We show a cluster based routing protocol in order to improve the convergence of the clusters and of the network it is proposed to use a backup cluster head. The use of a event discrete simulator is used for the implementation and the simulation of a hierarchical routing protocol called the Backup Cluster Head Protocol (BCHP). Finally it is shown that the BCHP protocol improves the convergence a...

This article holistically maps the consumption patterns of older Americans and compares the economic status of different groups (clusters) of elderly U.S. consumers. Using data from the 2010–2011 Consumer Expenditure Survey, the analysis focuses on the consumption patterns of households whose heads or spouses were age 65 and over. Our factor and cluster analyses revealed six consumption cluster...

Coverage preservation is one of the basic QoS requirements of wireless sensor networks, yet this problem has not been sufficiently explored in the context of cluster-based sensor networks. Specifically, it is not known how to select the best candidates for the cluster head roles in applications that require complete coverage of the monitored area over long periods of time. In this paper, we tak...

In energy-limited WSNs, coverage and connectivity are two of the most fundamental QoS issues, which have a great impact on the performance of WSNs for minimizing the node energy consumption and maximizing the network coverage lifetime. Due to the node distribution, the energy consumption among nodes is more imbalanced in cluster-based WSNs. Based on this problem, this paper proposes Sink Mobili...

In wireless sensor networks, power is the most essential resource because each sensor node has limited batteries. Many kinds of existing clustering protocols have been developed to balance and maximize lifetime of the sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. These protocols select cluster heads periodically, and they considered only ‘How can we select cluster heads energy-efficiently?’ or ‘Wha...