The essay argues that the content of constitutions should derive from its political functions: granting stability and legitimacy to government. There are three main candidates for inclusion in constitutions: regime arrangements, human rights, and general credo. All constitutions must include institutional arrangements. The level of detail and entrenchment may vary. There are important reasons f...

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Monists about material constitution typically argue that when Statue is materially constituted by Clay, Statue is just Clay. Pluralists about material constitution deny that constitution is identity: Statue is not just Clay. When Clay materially constitutes Statue, Clay is not identical to Statue. I discuss three familiar puzzles involving grounding, overdetermination and conceptual issues, and...

Minerals: Their Constitution and Origin is an introduction to mineralogy for undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of geology, materials science, and environmental science. It has been designed as a textbook for use on a semester course and covers all aspects of mineralogy in a thoroughly modern and integrated way. The book is divided into five parts. Part I deals with the general c...

The South African Constitution and its early jurisprudence have been discussed extensively among comparative constitutional law scholars and other academics. Frequently, the Constitution has been described as a model document for the domestic protection of human rights, and the South African Constitutional Court, the highest court in post-apartheid South Africa, has often been lauded by politic...

The influence of light environment on the organic constitution of normal rabbits was studied by comparing the weights of organs of animals that had been living under cerrtain conditions for long periods of time. It was found that the light environment produced an effect on the physical constitution of the rabbits which was comparable to the effects produced on the functional activity of the sam...

the formation of the expediency council was a new and innovate development which had not been foreseen in the ratified constitution of november 1979, perhaps the legislators of the constitution at that time, had anticipated in all good will, that all responsible executive and legislative authorities of all ranks and responsibilities, would while addressing specific demands inherent in any given...

In our first two columns, we described innovative practices that Advanced Practices Council (APC) members shared with their colleagues at recent meetings. In this column, we describe the ideas that Jim Tosone, a long-standing APC member, shared at the October APC meeting. A contributor to the recently published “Complete Idiot’s Guide to the U.S. Constitution,” Tosone explained how understandin...

o consider liberty in relation to the Constitution is to enter upon a subject of some ambiguity. Which Constitution are we to consider? The document has undergone dramatic shifts in its coverage and in its meaning over the course of our history. The unamended document ratified in 1787 had little explicit to say about individual liberties. Aside from provisions such as those barring states from ...