This study assessed the reliability of a 'self-paced' 30-min, team-sport running protocol on a Woodway Curve 3.0 non-motorised treadmill (NMT). Ten male team-sport athletes (20.3 ± 1.2 y, 74.4 ± 9.7 kg, VO2peak 57.1 ± 4.5 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) attended five sessions (VO2peak testing + familiarisation; four reliability trials). The 30-min protocol consisted of three identical 10-min activity blocks...

Determination of creatinine clearance (Ccr) is not a reliable indicator of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), owing to tubular secretion of creatinine. It has been reported that Ccr measurements can approximate true GFR after cimetidine (Ci) administration. In this study, GFR was estimated by Cockcroft and Gault's equation (C(C-G)) based on measurement of plasma creatinine, and Ccr was determine...

Using computer-generated data calculated with set amounts of random error (E = 1, 5 & 10%) associated with calculated qPCR cycle number (C ) at four jth 1:10 DNA dilutions, we found that the “efficiency” (ε) associated with each population distribution of n = 10,000 measurements varied from 0.95 to 1.05 for E = 1% (ε average = 1.00 ± 0.0132; ε coefficient of variation or CV ~ 1%), 0.85 to 1.2 f...

BACKGROUND The rate of extrapair paternity is a commonly used index for the risk of sperm competition in birds, but paternity data exist for only a few percent of the approximately 10400 extant species. As paternity analyses require extensive field sampling and costly lab work, species coverage in this field will probably not improve much in the foreseeable future. Recent findings from passerin...

Soil respiration (SR) is an important process in the global carbon cycle. It is difficult to estimate SR emission accurately because of its temporal and spatial variability. Primary forest succession on Glacier forehead provides the ideal environment for examining the temporal-spatial variation and controlling factors of SR. However, relevant studies on SR are relatively scarce, and variations,...

BACKGROUND Early warning systems for outbreaks of infectious diseases are an important application of the ecological theory of epidemics. A key variable predicted by early warning systems is the final outbreak size. However, for directly transmitted diseases, the stochastic contact process by which outbreaks develop entails fundamental limits to the precision with which the final size can be pr...

PURPOSE To compare the reproducibilities of manual and semiautomatic segmentation method for the measurement of normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) using dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion MR imaging in glioblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two patients (11 male, 11 female; 27 tumors) with histologically confirmed glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) were examined with ...

PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate whether cardiac gating can improve the reproducibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters in the head and neck, we performed IVIM diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using 4 b values (4b), 4 b values with cardiac gating (4b gating) and 17 b values (17b). METHODS We performed IVIM DWI twice per person on nine healthy volunteers using 4b, 4b gating ...

Studies of inter-individual variation in fish swimming performance may provide insight into how selection has influenced diversity in phenotypic traits. We investigated individual variation and short-term repeatability of individual swimming performance by wild European sea bass in a constant acceleration test (CAT). Fish were challenged with four consecutive CATs with 5 min rest between trials...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) guided re-test mode on short- and long-term measurement variability of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness obtained by spectral domain-SLO optical coherence tomography (SD-SLO/OCT). METHODS Seventy five healthy eyes were scanned 3 times per day (intra-session variability) by both the SLO guided re-t...