Today, learners’ interaction and collaborative task performance have attracted increasing attention from language teachers and researchers. The present study investigated whether collaborative pre-planning, task complexity manipulation, and language proficiency level play a role in learners’ interactions. To this end, 128 EFL learners from two different language proficiency levels carried out t...

Though cognition, which we refer to in this study as “native thoughts” is an important disposition of managers, there a dearth empirical evidence on the relationship between cognition and performance organizations. Drawing from social cognitive theory, investigate d influence local demographics organizational rated hotels Kenya using descriptive. Cross-sectional survey 249 managers 150 three, f...

Peripheral injury leads to a significant increase in the prevalence of mechanically insensitive, heat-sensitive C-fibers (CH) that contain the heat transducing TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type I) channel in mice. We have recently shown that this recruitment of CH fibers is associated with increased expression of the receptor for GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic facto...

Multiple studies have shown that chronic hypoxia (CH) elicits a time-dependent upregulation of carotid body chemoreceptor sensitivity in mammals. In the present study, we demonstrate that enhanced excitation is accompanied by a parallel increase of nitric oxide (NO)-dependent inhibition, which acts via a CH-induced modification of the normal mechanism in O(2)-sensitive type I cells. The NO synt...

Zeolite application to clayey soils may change potassium (K) pools distribution and its release rate. To test this hypothesis, two heavy-textured calcareous soils with different mineralogy (smectitic and mixed by XRD) from southern Iran were selected. Experiment was a completely randomized factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of two soils and two zeolite levels (0 and 5%) and wetting-dry...

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to extend the linguistic relativity hypothesis (i.e., language we speak affects way think) a script in which read influences our thought). Based on rich body knowledge science reading that shows effects literacy cognitive processes, foundation, rationale, and converging evidence are discussed. tenable notion anchored previous research into connection betwee...

Chronic exposure in a low-PO(2) environment (i.e., chronic hypoxia, CH) elicits an elevated hypoxic ventilatory response and increased hypoxic chemosensitivity in arterial chemoreceptors in the carotid body. In the present study, we examine the hypothesis that changes in chemosensitivity are mediated by endothelin (ET), a 21-amino-acid peptide, and ET(A) receptors, both of which are normally ex...

Paffett ML, Naik JS, Resta TC, Walker BR. Reduced storeoperated Ca entry in pulmonary endothelial cells from chronically hypoxic rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: L1135–L1142, 2007. First published August 10, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00432.2006.— Chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension may influence basal endothelial cell (EC) intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca ]i). We...

Recent evidence supports a prominent role for Rho kinase (ROK)-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction in the development and maintenance of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension. Endothelin (ET)-1 contributes to the pulmonary hypertensive response to CH, and recent studies by our laboratory and others indicate that pulmonary vascular reactivity following CH is largely independent of ...