let r be an associative ring with identity, c(r) be the category of com-plexes of r-modules and flat(c(r)) be the class of all at complexes of r-modules. we show that the at cotorsion theory (flat(c(r)); flat(c(r))−)have enough injectives in c(r). as an application, we prove that for each atcomplex f and each complex y of r-modules, exti (f,x)= 0, whenever ris n-perfect and i > n.

Definitions of intelligence in the scientific literature center around the idea that that intelligence refers to cognitive processes that allow humans and other animals to solve novel problems in their environments. Thus, Jerison (1973, pp. 16–17) notes that “Although experts differ with regard to the nature of human intelligence, a more or less common ground is that it is a dimension of cognit...

This paper explores the use of the Cognitive Dimensions of Notation as an analytical framework for investigating the cognitive effectiveness of animated diagrams for learning about dynamic processes. The concept of cognitive dimensions was found to provide a sound theoretical grounding for investigating the effects of animation on cognition, informing a cognitive model of processing and in high...

In this chapter, I present a framework based on the concepts of diversity and coherence for the analysis of knowledge integration and diffusion. Visualisations that help understand insights gained are also introduced. The key novelty offered by this framework compared to previous approaches is the inclusion of cognitive distance (or proximity) between the categories that characterise the body o...

This article examines how consumer decision making is influenced by automatically evoked task-induced affect and by cognitions that are generated in a more controlled manner on exposure to alternatives in a choice task. Across two experiments respondents chose between two alternatives: one (chocolate cake) associated with more intense positive affect but less favorable cognitions, compared to a...

Two recent studies have found that small samples of panic disorder patients appear to have elevated levels of alexithymia and raised the possibility that panic patients may constrict emotional experience. An alternate hypothesis is that there is conceptual and measurement overlap between alexithymia and cognitive aspects of panic disorder, and panic patients may in fact score high on only one d...

In this study, it was aimed to examine the measurement invariance of State Test Anxiety Scale and its sub-dimensions developed by Şahin (2019) in terms different variables. For purpose, data were collected from a total 956 university students studying faculties. The scale examined multi-group confirmatory factor analysis gender, faculty socioeconomic level model established for 22 items three c...

A current model suggested that the somatic symptom dimension accounts for the adverse effect of depression in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). In order to test this model we sought to determine in a large population-based sample how symptom dimensions of depression are associated with CHD, biomarkers and traditional risk factors. The associations of cognitive and somatic symptom dime...

Two experiments examined processes underlying cognitive inflexibility in set-shifting tasks typically used to assess the development of executive function in children. Adult participants performed a Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) that requires shifting from categorizing by one dimension (e.g., color) to categorizing by a second orthogonal dimension (e.g., shape). The experiments showed per...