Making Entity-Relationship diagrams easier to understand for novices has been a topic of previous research. This study provides experimental evidence that suggests using small representative graphics (iconic graphics) to replace standard entity boxes in an ER diagram can have a positive effect on domain understanding for novice users. Cognitive Load Theory and the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia...

Theoretical treatments of language, reading and their disorders are typically modular. They postulate that because individuals with (for instance) dyslexia are more impaired in their reading than in any other cognitive domain, the core deficit(s) should be traced back to a specific cognitive process that is critical for reading, but not for other functions (see Vellutino, Fletcher, Snowling, & ...

OBJECTIVE To measure hippocampal volumes in patients diagnosed as having subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) relative to those of elderly control subjects and those of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using 3-dimensional mesh reconstructions. DESIGN A magnetic resonance imaging volumetric study of MCI subgroups (MCI, amnesic subtype [MCI-A]; and MCI, multiple cognitive domain subt...

Cognitive radio is a promising technology to mitigate spectrum shortage in wireless communications. It enables secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access low-occupancy primary spectral bands as long as the primary user (PU) access is protected. Such a protection requirement is particularly challenging for multiple SUs over a potentially wide geographical area. In this paper, we study the...

Cognitive radio is a promising technology to mitigate spectrum shortage in wireless communications. It enables secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access low-occupancy primary spectral bands as long as the primary user (PU) access is protected. Such a protection requirement is particularly challenging for multiple SUs over a potentially wide geographical area. In this paper, we study the...

A wide variety of knowledge acquisition methods exist for conventional knowledge types such as production rule, semantic knowledge, etc. However, need for causal knowledge acquisition has not been stressed in the expert systems fields. The objectives of this paper are to (1) suggest a causal knowledge acquisition process and (2) investigate the causal knowledge-based inference process. FCM (Fuz...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate applicants' behavioral characteristics based on the evaluation of cognitive, affective and social domain shown in self introduction letter and professor's recommendation letter. METHODS Self introduction letters and professor's recommendation letters of 109 applicants students who applied to medical school were collected. Frequency analysis...

Cognitive control mechanisms allow individuals to behave adaptively in the face of complex and sometimes conflicting information. Although the neural bases of these control mechanisms have been examined in many contexts, almost no attention has been paid to their role in resolving conflicts between competing social cues, which is surprising given that cognitive conflicts are part of many social...

the appearance of new sciences and conflicts arising from reductionism in domain of science and knowledge, explains the necessity of interdisciplinary studies. some scientists believe the history of interdisciplinary studies is rooted in ancient greece, but in fact interdisciplinary studies started in industrial laboratories, the first center for interdisciplinary studies, about 150 years ago. ...