This paper presents a semantic spatial language grammar and a novel chunking method that allows nested structures to be encoded as a single label. The proposed semantic grammar, when used with a cognitive architecture described elsewhere, makes it possible for a mobile robot to follow complex, human-generated spatial descriptions for a fetch task. The semantic grammar is based on an interdiscip...

In a lexicalized grammar formalism such as Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar (LTAG), each lexical item is associated with at least one elementary structure (supertag) that localizes syntactic and semantic dependencies. Thus a parser for a lexicalized grammar must search a large set of supertags to choose the right ones to combine for the parse of the sentence. We present techniques for disambi...

The Lucia comprehension system attempts to model human comprehension by using the Soar cognitive architecture, Embodied Construction Grammar (ECG), and an incremental, word-by-word approach to grounded processing. Traditional approaches use techniques such as parallel paths and global optimization to resolve ambiguities. Here we describe how Lucia deals with lexical, grammatical, structural, an...

Drawing is a fundamental aspect of human communicative expression, and sequential images have been used to convey information since at least cave paintings. However, only until recently has increased research turned towards studying the cognition of visual narratives—especially those found in comics. The most examined question about visual narratives has asked: How do readers make meaning out o...

The meaning and function of two verbals as well as syntactic constraints on their use are analyzed. It is shown that the treatment of participles in traditional grammar is inadequate as the constraining mechanisms are not explained and their relationship to the grammatical meaning of participles is not accounted for. A cognitive approach in the framework of a cognitive theory of tense and aspec...

cognitive linguistics gives the most inclusive, consistent description of how language is organized, used and learned to date. cognitive linguistics contains a great number of concepts that are useful to second language learners.  if-clauses in english, on the other hand, remain intriguing for foreign language learners to struggle with, due to their intrinsic intricacies. efl grammar books are ...

The complexity and impact of many real world decision making problems lead to the necessity of considering multiple points of view, building group decision making problems in which a group of experts provide their preferences to achieve a solution. In such complex problems uncertainty is often present and although the use of linguistic information has provided successful results in managing it,...

This essay critically examines a questionable presupposition of contemporary science—that science is an instrumental means to human ends and as such is a valueneutral project. According to this presupposition, the responsibility for the ethical evaluation of science concerns only the uses to which science is put by society and thus does not belong properly to the scientific profession. This vie...

This paper shows how to define probability distributions over linguistically realistic syntactic structures in a way that permits us to define language learning and language comprehension as statistical problems. We demonstrate our approach using lexical-functional grammar (LFG), but our approach generalizes to virtually any linguistic theory. Our probabilistic models are maximum entropy models...

arabic language instruction in iran has always relied on cognitive factors, and has been based on grammar-translation method. consequently, issues such as arabic learner's and teacher's mental processes during learning and teaching, metacognitive factors, interlocutors' characteristics and the conversation setting, learner's information processing procedure, etc. have never ...