There is no consensus on the type of nonlinearity enabling motion processing of second-order stimuli. Some authors suggest that a nonlinearity specifically applied to second-order stimuli prior to motion processing (e.g., rectification process) recovers the spatial structure of the signal permitting subsequent first-order motion analyses (e.g., filter-rectify-filter model). Others suggest that ...

To maximize swimming speed athletes copy fish undulatory swimming during the underwater period after start and turn. The anatomical limitations may lead to deviations and may enforce compensating strategies. This has been investigated by analyzing the kinematics of two national female swimmers while swimming in a still water pool. Additionally, the flow around and behind the swimmers was measur...

As we know, in evaluating of DMUs some of them might be efficient, so ranking of them have a high significant. One of the ranking methods is cross-efficiency. Cross efficiency evaluation in data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a commonly used skill for ranking decision making units (DMUs). Since, many studies ignore the intra-organizational communication and consider DMUs as a black box. For sign...

Short-run and long-run technical and allocative efficiencies were computed for 395 New York dairy farms using data envelopment or nonparametric procedures on 1990 Dairy Farm Business Summary data. The farms were, on average, more allocatively efficient in the short run than in the long run, but were more technically efficient in the long run than in the short run. Stanchion barns were as effici...

New types of characterization of Pareto efficiency based on data envelopment analysis are extended here in several new directions involving allocative efficiency and stochastic filtering methods.

abstract: background: when organization managed by experienced, competent and well performed managers, the organization will be succeeded in achieving their goals and it will be more effective. objective: this study was designed with the purpose of determining the relationship between managers competency and hospital efficiency in teaching hospital of tehran university of medical sciences durin...