We consider grain growth and stagnation in polycrystalline microstructures. From the phase-field crystal modeling of the coarsening dynamics, we identify a transition from a grain-growth stagnation upon deep quenching below the melting temperature T(m) to a continuous coarsening at shallower quenching near T(m). The grain evolution is mediated by local grain rotations. In the deep quenching reg...

There is a growing body of the literature that suggests that there are grain boundary structures that exist in ceramic systems that are not predicted by bulk thermodynamics. Transitions between the various grain boundary structures are not well understood either experimentally or theoretically. This study identifies six different types of grain boundary structures present in the alumina system....

Nanocrystalline metals, i.e. metals with grain sizes from 5 to 50 nm, display technologically interesting properties, such as dramatically increased hardness, increasing with decreasing grain size. Due to the small grain size, direct atomic-scale simulations of plastic deformation of these materials are possible, as such a polycrystalline system can be modeled with the computational resources a...

A research program has been established to study ion beam enhanced grain growth (IBEGG). Ion beam enhanced grain growth has been studied experimentally in Ge, Au and Si films. IBEGG has been characterized by varying the ion dose, ion energy, ion flux, ion species, temperature, and thin film deposition onrditions. The effect of these parameters on grain size and microstructure has Leen analyzed ...

In the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso, grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the major cereal crop used to produce the traditional beer called dolo. Grain sorghum grain samples collected in 2004 and 2005 from experiments combining five water management techniques and four fertilizer treatments in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement of treatments were analy...

Interstellar dust grains exhibit complex dynamics which is essential for understanding many key interstellar processes that involve dust, including grain alignment, grain growth, grain shattering etc. Grain rotational and translational motions are affected not only by gaseous collisions, but also by interactions with ions, photons, magnetic fields etc. Some of those interactions, e.g. interacti...

The objective of this study was to determine whether reconstituting field-dried and early-harvested sorghum grain affected the fermentation characteristics and feed value of the ensiled grain when fed to feedlot heifers. In Trial 1, sorghum grain was harvested at 14% moisture, rolled, and reconstituted to 25, 30, or 35% moisture, then ensiled in laboratory-scale silos. Lactic acid concentration...

Increased whole grain intake has been shown to reduce the risk of many non-communicable diseases. Countries including the USA, Canada, Denmark and Australia have specific dietary guidelines on whole grain intake but others, including the UK, do not. Data from 1986/87 and 2000/01 have shown that whole grain intake is low and declining in British adults. The aim of the present study was to descri...

In crystalline materials, plastic deformation occurs by the motion of dislocations, and the regions between individual crystallites, called grain boundaries, act as obstacles to dislocation motion. Grain boundaries are widely envisaged to be mechanically static structures, but this report outlines an experimental investigation of stress-driven grain boundary migration manifested as grain growth...