The embedded coder has an attractive feature that the coding bitstream can be truncated later at any point and still decoded a perceptible image. It is common in conventional coding to improve the subjective quality of the coded image through adjusting the quantization step size inversely proportional to a set of visual weights. However, such scheme will not be effective in the embedded coder a...

In this paper, we develop an aggregation procedure using time-varying weights for constructing the common component of international economic fluctuations. The methodology for deriving time-varying weights is based on some stylised features of the data documented in the paper. The model allows for a unified treatment of cyclical and seasonal fluctuations and also accommodates the dynamic propag...

This paper is concerned with procedures for ranking discrete alternatives when their values are evaluated precisely on multiple attributes and the attribute weights are known only to obey ordinal relations. There are a variety of situations where it is reasonable to use ranked weights, and there have been various techniques developed to deal with ranked weights and arrive at a choice or rank al...

DEA Classic models cannot be used for inaccurate and indeterminate data, and it is supposed that the data for all inputs and outputs are accurate and determinate. However, in real life situations uncertainty is more common. This article attempts to get the common weights for Decision-Making Units by developing DEA multi-objective models in the grey environment. First, we compute the privilege o...

A Camel Research Station was established in 1990 at the central desert land of Iran named Kavir-e-loot, to evaluate productivity performance of one humped camel. The data consisted of birth weights (BW), three (W3), six (W6), nine (W9) months and yearling (W12) body weight of animals and the pedigree was registered during a period of 14 years since 1991 to 2004. The body weight traits of birth,...

We propose a generalized equation to represent a continuum of surface reconstruction solutions of a given non-integrable gradient field. We show that common approaches such as Poisson solver and Frankot-Chellappa algorithm are special cases of this generalized equation. For a N ×N pixel grid, the subspace of all integrable gradient fields is of dimension N − 1. Our framework can be applied to d...

Identifying the Common Component of International Economic Fluctuations: A New Approach In this paper, we develop an aggregation procedure using time-varying weights for constructing the common component of international economic fluctuations. The methodology for deriving time-varying weights is based on some stylized features of the data documented in the paper. The model allows for a unified ...