Greenhouse experiments in a completely randomized design were carried out to investigate the effects of nitroxin fertilizer (0, 1 and 2 li/ha) on morphological and physiological traits of Amaranthus retroflexus in 2013. The traits in the study included plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots, roots, stem and leaf, Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin, a...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique based on linear programming (LP) to measure the relative efficiency of homogeneous units by considering inputs and outputs. The lack of discrimination among efficient decision making units (DMUs) and unrealistic input-outputs weights have been known as the drawback of DEA. In this paper the new scheme based on a goal programming data envelopment an...

Wyner’s common information is a measure that quantifies and assesses the commonality between two random variables. Based on this, we introduce novel two-step procedure to construct features from data, referred as Common Information Components Analysis (CICA). The first step can be interpreted an extraction of information. second form back-projection onto original variables, leading extracted fe...

BACKGROUND Patients, physicians, and other decision makers make implicit but inevitable trade-offs among risks and benefits of treatments. Many methods have been proposed to promote transparent and rigorous benefit-risk analysis (BRA). OBJECTIVE To propose a framework for classifying BRA methods on the basis of key factors that matter most for patients by using a common mathematical notation ...