Recently, due to the introduction of NFC (Near Field Communication), it has become possible to make easy electronic payments. Therefore, a secure communication method is necessary in these environments. NFC can be said to be relatively safe compared to other communication methods, because it carries out communications within 10 cm. However, it has made possible the risk of impersonation attacks...

We solve some fundamental problems in the number-onforehead (NOF) k-party communication model. We show that there exists a function which has at most logarithmic communication complexity for randomized protocols with a one-sided error probability of 1/3 but which has linear communication complexity for deterministic protocols. The result is true for k = n players, where n is the number of bits ...

Communication research requires data that are rich enough to contain explicit evidence about processes of communication. The paper fonnally distinguishes among and discusses three kinds of data: aggregational data (such as accumulated in much of psychological inquiries, small group experiments and survey research) and network data (representing observable patterns of interest to relational biol...

BACKGROUND Experts suggest observation and feedback is a useful tool for teaching and evaluating medical student communication skills during the clinical years. Failing to do this effectively risks contributing to deterioration of students' communication skills during the very educational period in which they are most important. While educators have been queried about their thoughts on this iss...

In modern communication systems, noise represents the source of errors that disturb useful information signals for communication. In biological systems, however, noise plays an important role in their function. In this position paper, we point out that, in designing and engineering molecular communication systems, noise may be removed as in traditional communication systems while it may also be...

the two terms information and communication have some ambiguities. yet, there is not a consensus on their definitions. but they have some common characteristics, which make them be used interchangeably, information is the basic element for communication. information, inevitably. does net end to communication while when there is communication, there is information 100. communication is the natur...

511 commercial emails from four asian countries, namely china, pakistan, india, and iran have been analyzed in a mixed-method design. the focus of the study is on the two features of politeness and intimacy. in the quantitative analysis, the model proposed by brown & levinson (1987) and that of coulmas (2005) which have drawn upon the features of indirectness in requesting and the length of...

thanks to the development of the concept of metadiscourse, it is now widely acknowledged that academic/scientific writing is not only concerned with communicating purely propositional meanings: what is communicated through academic/scientific communication is seen to be intertwined with the negotiation of social and interpersonal meanings. while a large number of so called metadiscoursal resour...