This article is a comparison of the Natural Approach and Communicative Language Teaching. Using the Richards and Rodgers’ model for conceptualizing approaches and methods described in Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, 1986, Cambridge University Press, I compare and contrast these two approaches carefully at the level of approach, design and procedure. At the level of approach, I look...

This paper describes a formal framework for the representation of agents that do not necessarily share common beliefs and goals. In this framework, that we consider to be a plausible model of cognitive agent behaviour in a multiagent system, the agents are able to reason based on assumptions while facing inconsistencies, manifest preferences over their beliefs, select and dynamically modify the...

In the global economy, organizational knowledge has emerged as a major contributor to achieving sustainable competitive advantage. In this paper, the authors present an outline for the exploration of the impact of the global structure of an organization on intra-firm knowledge transfer. The authors discuss four global structures: global, international, multinational, and transnational, and pres...

The paper deals with new challenges of information science as social science and mutual relationships with the new discipline of knowledge management. Qualitatively new approach argues that more concentration on knowledge interpretation is needed. Knowledge interpretation links both information science as a strategical paradigm and knowledge management as corporate knowledge framework. A knowle...

This is a proposal in favour of proceeding from communicative function to linguistic form, rather than the reverse, for an insightful account of how humans communicate by speech in languages. A functional framework is developed that encompasses argumentation structures, declarative and interrogative functions, and expressive intensification. Such a function orientation can become a powerful too...

objectives: this descriptive study was conducted to determine the communicative abstract problem between elders with alzheimer disease and there caregivers. methods & materials: 100 main caregivers were selected by census. data was obtained by a questionnaire with a good validity and reliability. its reliability was measured by internal consistency (de=0.96) and test-retest (d=0.96) methods. da...

This study explores the potential of utilising certain prosodic qualities of function-specific vocal expressions in order to design effective non-speech user interface sounds. In an empirical setting, utterances with four context-situated communicative functions were produced by 20 participants. Time series of fundamental frequency (F0) and intensity were extracted from the utterances and analy...

The present research aims to investigate the distinction between simple and complex communicative acts in the context of extralinguistic communication. We propose that, within the same pragmatic phenomena studied which are standard communicative acts, deceit and irony a simple communicative act is easier to comprehend than a complex one. Our proposal is based on the different complexity of infe...