language teachers usually face issues regarding the most effective methods of teaching. teaching language to nonnative speakers of english involves certain problems and challenges at all levels of instruction. due to the unsatisfactory results of focus on forms and focus on meaning instructions and their inevitable inadequacies, focus on form instruction along with its multiple techniques are r...

It has been widely accepted that language is not only a system of rules, but a dynamic resource for the creation of meaning. In that sense, it is essential to distinguish between knowing various grammatical rules and being able to use these rules effectively when communicating. This view has underpinned one of the most popular approaches to language – communicative language teaching. The aim of...

Ever since Communicative Language Teaching (CLT hereafter) was first proposed in 1970 the UK, there has been widespread implementation of CLT methodology as it evolved over years incorporating local needs and conditions particular contexts, especially Asia. This paper seeks to revisit significance being used English-as-a-lingua-franca (ELF settings an English-medium-instruction (EMI university ...