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A fundamental question in animal communication is whether the information provided is honest or deceptive [1, 2]. This problem has received much attention, both in theoretical [1, 3] and experimental [4] work. Here we show that male Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana), when observed during mate choice by another male, reduce their mating activity and no longer prefer mating with one of two fem...

An increasing body of literature considers the question of how mate choice is influenced by the social environment of the choosing individual (non-independent mate choice). For example, individuals may copy the mate choice of others. A very simple form of socially influenced mate choice, however, remained comparatively little investigated: choosing individuals may adjust their mate choice to th...

Female promiscuity is thought to have resulted in the evolution of male behaviours that confer advantages in the sperm competition that ensues. In mammalian species, males can gain a post-copulatory advantage in this sperm 'raffle' by inseminating females at the optimal time relative to ovulation, leading to the prediction that males should preferentially associate and copulate with females at ...

competition law as a manifestation of economic public order has also extended its controlling shadow on the commercial interactions around intellectual properties. know-how as a specific and little-known example of such assets -at least in iranian law-, isn't apart from the rules of competition law. this research in comparative attitude and regarding the specifics of innovative confidentia...

increasing non-oil exporting is among the most important concerns for iran. software industry is among the knowledge based and profitable ones. identification of factors affecting export performance of software developers can improve planning that in turn results in increasing software export. in this research a model consisting of seven important variables in software industries including: com...