There are two objects naturally associated with a braid $\beta\in B_n$ of pseudo-Anosov type: (relative) homeomorphism $\varphi_\beta\colon S^2\to S^2$; and the finite volume complete hyperbolic structure on 3-manifold $M_\beta$ obtained by excising closure $\beta$, together its axis, from $S^3$. We show disconnect between these objects, exhibiting family braids $\{\beta_q:q\in{\mathbb{Q}}\cap(...

RATIONALE Lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP)2alpha is a mammalian chromatin-binding protein that interacts with a fraction of A-type lamins in the nuclear interior. Because mutations in lamins and LAP2alpha lead to cardiac disorders in humans, we hypothesized that these factors may play important roles in heart development and adult tissue homeostasis. OBJECTIVE We asked whether the presence...

The development of a complete financial structure including balance sheet, income and cash flow statements, coupled with conventional accounting and economic valuation rules, provides the foundation from which riskadjusted discount rates and liability betas can be determined. Since liability betas cannot be measured directly, a shift in focus is proposed to one based on measures more readily av...

Spemann's organizer develops in response to dorsal determinants that act via maternal components of the wnt pathway. The function of siamois, a wnt-inducible homeobox gene, in Spemann's organizer development was examined by fusion of defined transcriptional regulatory domains to the siamois homeodomain. Similar to native siamois, a VP16 activator fusion induced axis formation, indicating that s...