This study examined the interrelationships of first language (L1) literacy, second language (L2) proficiency, and L2 reading comprehension with 246 Chinese college students learning English. L1 literacy and L2 proficiency were measured with college admission exams in Chinese and English. L2 reading comprehension was measured with the reading comprehension section of a TOEFL and a researcher-dev...

The study of text comprehension is the study of the cognitive processes involved as people process (and ultimately understand) the words, phrases, and sentences that make up larger bodies of language use (e.g., stories, magazine articles, novels, and so on). This chapter provides an introduction to several aspects of research on text comprehension: the methods commonly employed to study text co...

As listening comprehension plays an indispensable role in language learning, the way in which language instructors cover teaching listening comprehension has been controversial; the recent study selected two approaches to associate listening comprehension tactics: product-oriented and process-oriented. A quasi-experimental design was adopted to get to the objectives. Using a random procedure, 1...

This research study investigates the impact of three sorts of simplification of reading comprehension passages through translating, paraphrasing and elaborating new words and expressions on the Iranian language teaching freshmen's reading comprehension ability. In phase one six English reading pas- sages in one of three types- (a) translated, (b) paraphrased, (c) elaborated words and expression...

This paper examines the similarity between cognitive models of narrative comprehension and plan based narrative generation to inform the process of narrative generation for educational applications. The situation model, a key element of narrative discourse comprehension, affects reader inferencing, comprehension, and recall in ways that are predictable and widely observed by cognitive psycholog...

For many years basic visualisation, based around simple boxes and lines, has been done in an attempt to be able to ease some of the cognitive overload caused by program comprehension. The problems with such visualisations is that they can very easily become incomprehensible themselves by trying to force large amounts of information into a small space, relying solely on two dimensions for the re...

We examined the Simple View of reading from a behavioral genetic perspective. Two aspects of word decoding (phonological decoding and word recognition), two aspects of oral language skill (listening comprehension and vocabulary), and reading comprehension were assessed in a twin sample at age 9. Using latent factor models, we found that overlap among phonological decoding, word recognition, lis...

The main objective of this study was to find out how more creative language learners use cognitive strategies more when they read English as a foreign language. The participants of this study were comprised of 60 upper-intermediate language learners selected from one language institute. The selected sample received a creativity questionnaire and was divided into two groups based on their level ...

Current computational appraisal models do not include comprehensive theories for the origins of appraisals – why and how are they generated? We argue that an agent is constantly engaged in comprehension as it strives to make sense of its place in the world. Our hypothesis is that many appraisals are inherent to the comprehension process. We present a model for the comprehension process and desc...

This study examines the effect of individual differences on the program comprehension strategies of users working with an unfamiliar programming system. Participants of varying programming expertise were given a battery of psychological tests, a brief introduction to a statistical programming environment, and a 20-minute debugging task. Our data show that while there were distinct comprehension...