I.1 TOLL CONCESSIONS ...............................................................................................5 I.1.1 Toll system advantages and disadvantages I.I.2. Toll system functions I.1.3. Acceptability of toll systems in Europe I.2 SHADOW TOLL CONCESSIONS...............................................................................14 I.2.1 Definition I.2.2 Shadow toll practice in ...

The definition of what is being auctioned should cover all the specifications and incentives that govern the concession, whether they are included in the concession contract or in laws, regulations, or elsewhere. Where concessions are new, concession contracts may run to hundreds of pages and several volumes, as in the case of the Buenos Aires water concession. In France, by contrast, a long tr...

In this study a conflict resolution technique based on danger and concession considerations is presented for free flight paradigm. A danger function which assigns a danger value for the conflict situation, and a concession function which assigns a concession value for the path followed by the aircraft are constructed. The danger and concession values are input to a fuzzy decision module. This m...

Public–Private-Partnerships (PPPs) have been adopted worldwide to deliver infrastructure projects and/or provide public services. Having a reasonable concession price (operation and transfer) in place is pivotal for sustaining win-win relationship between governments private sectors. However, historical data shown that the of PPPs when transfer less than satisfactory due changing attribute pric...

We describe the strategy used by our agent, IAMhaggler, which finished in third place in the 2010 Automated Negotiating Agent Competition. It uses a concession strategy to determine the utility level at which to make offers. This concession strategy uses a principled approach which considers the offers made by the opponent. It then uses a Pareto-search algorithm combined with Bayesian learning ...

The concession and victory speech is a ritual in American politics, described by Corcoran as a “rite of capitulation,” in which both candidates at the end of an election sanction the legitimacy of the process, agree on the outcome, and start the political transition. Concession and victory speeches emerged as a distinct convention in the television era, but as web services like Twitter take on ...

Software agents typically negotiate on behalf of their owners. For this to be effective the agent must be able to adequately represent the owners’ preferences. However, the process by which this knowledge is acquired is normally not taken into consideration. The idea of the proposed method is that a user uses an e-negotiation system and fills in the Thomas-Kilmann questionnaire which is designe...

This paper studies automated bilateral negotiation among self-interested agents in complex application domains which consist of multiple issues and real-time constraints and where the agents have no prior knowledge about their opponents’ preferences and strategies. We describe a novel negotiation approach called OMAC (standing for “Opponent Modeling and Adaptive Concession”) which combines effi...