there are few reports about congenital indifference to pain or hereditary and sensory autonomic neuropathy (hsan). several investigations for pathophysiology of this syndrome have been performed and different classifications about it. in this report we present a case of hsan type ii with general absence of pain and self amputations and leprosy–like damage of extremities which was suspected to b...

background primary congenital hypothyroidism (ch) is the most common treatable cause of mental retardation and can be classified into permanent and transient types. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism (ch) in hamadan, west province of iran. methods the study population included all cases with primary congenital hypothyro...

introduction nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah) is characterized by sufficient cortisol and aldosterone production at the cost of androgen overproduction. hydrocortisone or dexamethasone in supraphysiological doses are current treatment; however, their downside is suppression of endogenous cortisol production resulting in corticosteroid dependency. we aimed to treat children with...

introduction: congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most preventable causes of mental retardation. worldwide, incidences vary from 1:3000 to 1:4000 and mean incidence in iran is estimated to be 1:1000. neonatal screening and early treatment within first 2 weeks of neonatal period can prevent neurocognitive deficits. we aimed to study the incidence of ch and increased levels of tsh in yazd pro...

purpose: to compare the results of two different methods of frontalis suspension using fascia lata in congenital ptosis. methods: in a randomized clinical trial, double triangle sling was compared with single triangle sling using fascia lata. eight patients with unilateral and 11 patients with bilateral congenital ptosis were randomly assigned for each procedure. results: there was no statistic...

purpose : to report an association of ligneous conjunctivitis (lc) and congenital hydrocephalus case report : the patient was a 3.5-year-old boy with a history of long standing conjunctivitis with copious ocular discharge and photophobia, waxing and waning for some time. he also had suffered from occlusive congenital hydrocephalus that required placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. conjunc...

purpose: congenital third nerve palsy was generally thought to exist in isolation without associated abnormalities. in this report, we present a case of congenital third nerve palsy in osteogenesis imperfecta. methods: a 6-month-old girl with osteogenesis imperfceta presented with ptosis and large incomitant exotropia in left eye (le) at birth. ocular examination revealed total third nerve pals...

purpose: congenital corneal leukoma is rare with an incidence of 6/100000 and is one of the most important causes of amblyopia. here we report an unusual case of bilateral congenital elevated corneal leukoma. methods: we encountered a 13-day-old full term male newborn. ocular examination of both eyes revealed central elevated corneal leukomas with a narrow normal lucid interval to limbus. corne...

developing supernumerary limbs is a rare congenital condition that only a few cases have been documented. depending on the cause and developmental conditions, they may be single, multiple or complicated, and occur as a syndrome or associated with other anomalies. polymelia is defined as the presence of extra limb(s) which have been reported in human, mouse, chicken, calf and lamb. it seems that...

developmental dysplasia of the hip (ddh) and flatfoot are common pediatric orthopedic disorders, being referred to and managed by both general and pediatric orthopedic surgeons, through various modalities. our study aimed to evaluate their consensus and perspective disagreements in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of the mentioned deformities. forty participants in two groups of g...