regular participation in intensive physical exercise is associated with electro-morphological changes in the heart.   this benign process is called athlete’s heart. athlete’s heart resembles few pathologic conditions in some aspects. so differentiation of these conditions is very important which otherwise may lead to a catastrophic event such as sudden death. the most common causes of sudden de...

Background and aims: Congenital anomalies are as the major causes of stillbirths, neonatal death, disability and childhood health problems all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of congenital anomalies in newborn during the first 24 hours of life in Shahid-Madani hospital, Azarshahr, Tabriz, during two periods 2002-2003 and 2...

OBJECTIVE We systematically reviewed epidemiologic studies on ambient air pollution and congenital anomalies and conducted meta-analyses for a number of air pollutant-anomaly combinations. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION From bibliographic searches we extracted 10 original epidemiologic studies that examined the association between congenital anomaly risk and concentrations of air pollutants. Met...

AIMS To investigate socioeconomic inequalities in the risk of congenital anomalies, focusing on risk of specific anomaly subgroups. METHODS A total of 858 cases of congenital anomaly and 1764 non-malformed control births were collected between 1986 and 1993 from four UK congenital malformation registers, for the purposes of a European multicentre case control study on congenital anomaly risk ...

Aim. To identify dysmorphic features and cardiac, skeletal, and urogenital anomalies in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Patients and Methods. Seventeen children with congenital primary hypothyroidism were recruited. Cause for congenital hypothyroidism was established using ultrasound of thyroid and (99m)Tc radionuclide thyroid scintigraphy. Malformations were identified by clinical exa...

BACKGROUND Associated anomalies have been reported in around 20% of Hirschsprung patients but many Authors suggested a measure of underestimation. We therefore implemented a prospective observational study on 106 consecutive HSCR patients aimed at defining the percentage of associated anomalies and implementing a personalized and up-to-date diagnostic algorithm. METHODS After Institutional Et...

Congenital scoliosis is a scoliosis that occurs as a result of bony abnormalities that arise between 4 to 16 weeks of gestation. There are genetic and environmental factors involved in etio­ logy. The majority of congenital vertebral anomalies are in the thoracic spine (64%). The patients often have associated skeletal anomalies and can also be part of a syndrome. Skeletal, cardiac, genitourina...

BACKGROUND Most coronary artery anomalies are congenital in origin. This study angiographically determined the prevalence of different forms of anomalous aortic origins of coronary anomalies and their anatomic variation in a selected adult Lebanese population. Correlation between these anomalies and stenotic coronary atherosclerotic disease was also investigated. METHODS 4650 coronary angiogr...

introduction congenital microgastria is an extremely rare anomaly, which is due to failure of gastric development, and causes a tubular stomach with reduced capacity. it is almost always associated with other congenital anomalies. case presentation the patient was a two-month-old boy with microgastria in association with gastroesophageal reflux, tracheomalacia, and limb defect. discussion most ...