BACKGROUND To investigate the existing evidence base for the validity of large-scale licensing examinations including their impact. METHODS Systematic review against a validity framework exploring: Embase (Ovid Medline); Medline (EBSCO); PubMed; Wiley Online; ScienceDirect; and PsychINFO from 2005 to April 2015. All papers were included when they discussed national or large regional (State le...

The traditional conception of validity divides it into three separate and substitutable types—namely, content, criterion, and construct validities. This view is fragmented and incomplete, especially because it fails to take into account both evidence of the value implications of score meaning as a basis for action and the social consequences of score use. The new unified concept of validity int...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability of concurrent flare identification using 3 methods (patient, rheumatologist and Disease Activity Score (DAS)28 criteria), and construct validity of candidate items representing the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) RA Flare Core Domain Set. METHODS Candidate flare questions and legacy measures were administered at consecutive visi...

The goal of this article is to clarify and unravel the complexity challenges improving teaching quality, based on measuring quality feeding back results teachers. We analyze different conceptualizations synthesize a framework for conceptualizing in educational practice. explain pros cons four types instruments quality. Next, we scrutinize requirements effectively data effective actions improve ...

In this research, we investigated how group power influences the way members of groups in asymmetrical conflict approach intergroup negotiations. Drawing on theories of negotiations and of intergroup power, we predicted that group power would interact with features of the proposed negotiating agenda to influence willingness to come to the table. Based on the negotiation literature, we focused o...

Recent research shows individuals' identification with in-groups to be psychologically important and socially consequential. However, there is little agreement about how identification should be conceptualized or measured. On the basis of previous work, the authors identified 5 specific components of in-group identification and offered a hierarchical 2-dimensional model within which these compo...

The evaluation of Intelligent Learning Systems yielding complex models as formal representations of student’s behavior is still an open problem. Standards so far do not provide suitable methods for the evaluation of competence. The paper discusses some guidelines according to the APA Standards spirit and apply them to the evaluation of FINANCE, a system derived from NEOCAMPUS2, a long effort pr...

Investing for retirement is one of the most consequential yet daunting decisions consumers face. We present a way to both aid and understand consumers as they construct preferences for retirement income. The method enables consumers to build desired probability distributions of wealth constrained by market forces and the amount invested. We collect desired wealth distributions from a sample of ...