Smart structures are components used in engineering applications that are capable of sensing or reacting to their environment in a predictable and desired manner. In addition to carrying mechanical loads, smart structures may alleviate vibration, reduce acoustic noise, change their mechanical properties as required or monitor their own condition. With the latter point in mind, this article exam...

Anodization of zircaloy-4 in 0.1M ammonium oxalate has been carried out. Kinetics of anodic oxidation of zircaloy-4 has been studied at a constant current density of 8mA.cm-2 and at room temperature. Thickness estimates were made from capacitance data. The plots of formation voltage vs. time, reciprocal capacitance vs. time, reciprocal capacitance vs. formation voltage and thickness vs. formati...

The electrochemical behaviour of pentacarbonyl(pyrazine)metal(0) complexes of the group 6 elements was studied by cyclic voltammetry in dichloromethane-(n-Bu)4NBF4 solventelectrolyte couple at –20 C vs. Ag/Ag+ or SCE reference electrode. Constant potential electrolyses of the complexes were carried out at their first oxidation peak potentials and monitored in situ by UV-Vis spectrometry. Electr...

A. Zugarramurdi,1,2 N. Zabala,1,2,3 A. G. Borisov,4 and E. V. Chulkov2,3,5 1Elektrizitatea eta Elektronika Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, UPV/EHU, 644 P.K., ES-48080 Bilbao, Spain 2Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales CFM Materials Physics Center MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, ES-20018 San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain 3Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. de Manuel Lardizabal 4,...

The electrolytic stability windows of several aqueous electrolytes were investigated by a constant current method. The electrode potential range depended upon the value of the imposed current. The magnitude of this behavior varied with the salt solution, its concentration, and pH of the electrolyte. At a leakage current density of 50 A/cm2, a 5 M solution of LiNO3 had an electrolytic window of ...

Can a steady current distribution contain a nonzero total mechanical momentum, often called hidden momentum [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13], due to the motion of the charge carriers? A steady current distribution Jsteady(r) is one with no time dependence. If the current density Jsteady flows in conductors, they must be at rest. The divergence of a steady current distribution has no ...

A novel chemilulninescence flow system for the determination ofhydrazine is presented. It is based on the enhancement effectofhydrazine on the chemiluminescence reaction between IUlninol and BrOin alkaline media. The oxidant BrOwas on-line electrogenerated by constant current electrolysis, resulting in the elimination ofthe inconvenience of its instability. The variables that affect the reactio...

The concept is easy to understand: A membrane with a single pore of appropriate size (diameter comparable to that of the molecule to detect) separates the two halves of an electrochemical cell. The cell is filled with an electrolyte, and a voltage is applied across the membrane. In the absence of any biomolecules in the solution, a steady flow of ions is measured as a constant current. As soon ...

The power supply analysis and design results of Sherman and Hamacher are extended to include approximate solutions to the nonlinear equations that define the rectifier turn-on angles. Additionally, peak rectifier current solely as a function of ripple factor, as well as the inverse relationship, i.e., ripple factor as a function of peak rectifier current, are also provided. Simplified exact equ...

This paper presents a high sensitive micro-sensor designed for pressure measurements in a wide range around atmospheric pressure, for application in aerodynamics. The sensor is a temperature-resistance transducer operating with the Pirani effect, which states that below a certain pressure limit, the thermal conductivity of a gas is pressure-dependent. The sensor presents a wide measurement rang...