Traditional modularity mechanisms such as Java’s classes and packages or ML’s structures and functors restrict the set of functions that may be applied to an object, but are unable to restrict the timing of these function applications effectively. We propose a new language construct, the scoped method, which allows the implementer of a class to specify a temporal resource usage protocol. This p...

In a large class of hard-real-time control applications, components execute concurrently on distributed nodes and must coordinate, under timing constraints, to perform the control task. As such, they perform a type of atomic commitment. Traditional atomic commitment differs, however, because there are no timing constraints; agreement is eventual. We therefore define timed atomic commitment (TAC...

We present a polynomial resolution-based decision procedure for the recently introduced description logic ELHOVn(u) , which features nominal schemas as new language construct. Our algorithm is based on ordered resolution and positive superposition, together with a lifting lemma. In contrast to previous work on resolution for description logics, we have to overcome the fact that ELHOVn(u) does n...

SPARQL has become the most popular language for querying RDF datasets, the standard data model for representing information in the Web. This query language has received a good deal of attention in the last few years: two versions of W3C standards have been issued, several SPARQL query engines have been deployed, and important theoretical foundations have been laid. However, many fundamental asp...

The use of L1 in language classroom has been traditionally repressed by applied linguists. However, in recent years, it is believed that switching to L1 can be considered a pedagogical instrument by teachers rather than a heterodox. Consequently, this two-phase study was an attempt to investigate the functions that are fulfilled by EFL teachers through their use of L1. In the first phase (i.e.,...