Of the many dilemmas facing the assessment of literary competence, one is the extent to which language should constitute part of the target construct intended to be measured. Some argue for the construct-irrelevance of language and hence recommend that it be eliminated or minimized in favor of an exclusive focus on literary competence. In practice, this does not seem to be the case, as language...

Cognitive appraisal of individuals directs to the creation of an emotional response, which is related to emotional intelligence. The present study shows the presence of induced emotions as an unrelated factor on the construct of a TOEFL iBT reading test which can interplay with emotional intelligence for regulating the induced emotions towards reading passages. The present participants were 393...

Abstract A much-debated question in the L2 assessment field is if computer familiarity should be considered a potential source of construct-irrelevant variance computer-based writing (CBW) tests. This study aims to make partial validity argument for an online source-based test (OSWT) designed English placement testing (EPT), focusing on explanation inference. Score interpretations OWST are prop...

BACKGROUND Increasingly, students are asked to write reflections as part of their medical education, but some question the influence of other factors on the evaluation of these reflections. In this pilot study, the investigators determined whether scores from a validated rubric to measure reflective ability were affected by irrelevant variance resulting from writing or storytelling ability. M...

The state of Hawai‘i has a linguistically and culturally diverse population that recognizes Hawaiian English as official languages. Working with the community, established Language Immersion Program, Ka Papahana Kaiapuni (Kaiapuni), to support promote study language, culture, history. students are historically marginalized test-takers had been assessed using instruments were insensitive, contai...