This study aims to develop the Perceived Job Stress as an Academic Leader (PJSAL) instrument based on a modification of Dean's Inventory (DSI) (Wild, et al., 2003). DSI is selected because it can accurately identify potential sources stress for dean, which also applicable in context academic leadership general. involved 214 lecturers who responded PJSAL via Google Form. Its construct validity w...

Background and Objectives: Patient Safety Culture is increasingly recognized as an essential driver of patient safety. To establish patient safety culture, firstly the current status of the construct should be assessed. Valid assessment of patient safety culture is contingent on the availability of appropriate measurement tools. Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) developed by th...

PURPOSE A signature characteristic of positive youth development (PYD) programs is the opportunity to develop life skills, such as social, behavioral, and moral competencies, that can be generalized to domains beyond the immediate activity. Although context-specific instruments are available to assess developmental outcomes, a measure of life skills transfer would enable evaluation of PYD progr...

BACKGROUND The reliability of clinical tests for the cervical spine has not been adequately evaluated. Six cervical clinical tests, which are low cost and easy to perform in clinical settings, were tested for intra- and inter-examiner reliability, and two performance tests were assessed for test-retest reliability in people with and without chronic neck pain. Moreover, construct and between-gro...

According to J.A.N. Lee in 1996, computer scientists “are reaching the stage of development where each new generation of participants is unaware both of their overall technological ancestry and the history of the development of their speciality, and have no past to build upon” [1, p.54]. A technically and historically accurate account, as attempted here, can help us, computer scientists, grasp ...

Common conceptions of the notions of role, relationship, and collaboration in object-oriented programming and related disciplines are briefly recalled and related to each other, working towards a view that allows it to fit them all together, eventually setting the cornerstones for the definition of a truly useful and widely accepted novel programming language construct.